Problem 61
Identify the following as characteristic of a solution, a colloid, or a suspension: a, a mixture that cannot be separated by a semipermeable membrane b. a mixture that settles out upon standing
Problem 62
Identify the following as characteristic of a solution, a colloid, or a suspension: a. Particles of this mixture remain inside a semipermeable membrane but pass through filters. b. The particles of solute in this solution are very large and visible.
Problem 63
In each pair, identify the solution that will have a lower freezing point. Explain. a. \(1.0\) mole of glycerol (nonelectrolyte) or \(2.0\) moles of ethylene glycol (nonelectrolyte) each in \(1.0 \mathrm{~L}\) of water. b. \(0.50\) mole of \(\mathrm{KCl}\) (strong electrolyte) or \(0.50\) mole of \(\mathrm{MgCl}_{2}\) (strong electrolyte) each in \(2.0 \mathrm{~L}\) of water.
Problem 64
In each pair, identify the solution that will have a higher boiling point. Explain. a. \(1.50\) moles of LiOH (strong electrolyte) or \(3.00\) moles of \(\mathrm{LiOH}\) (strong electrolyte) each in \(0.50 \mathrm{~L}\) of water. b. \(0.40 \mathrm{~mole}\) of \(\mathrm{Al}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{3}\) (strong electrolyte) or \(0.40 \mathrm{~mole}\) of \(\mathrm{CsCl}\) (strong electrolyte) each in \(0.50 \mathrm{~L}\) of water.
Problem 65
A \(10 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v})\) starch solution is separated from a \(1 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v})\) starch solution by a semipermeable membrane. (Starch is a colloid.) a. Which compartment has the higher osmotic pressure? b. In which direction will water flow initially? c. In which compartment will the volume level rise?
Problem 66
Two solutions, a \(0.1 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v})\) albumin solution and a \(2 \%\) \((\mathrm{m} / \mathrm{v})\) albumin solution, are separated by a semipermeable membrane. (Albumin is a colloid.) a. Which compartment has the higher osmotic pressure? b. In which direction will water flow initially? c. In which compartment will the volume level rise?
Problem 71
Each of the following mixtures is placed in a dialyzing bag and immersed in distilled water. Which substances will be found outside the bag in the distilled water? a. \(\mathrm{NaCl}\) solution b. starch solution (colloid) and alanine, an amino acid, solution c. \(\mathrm{NaCl}\) solution and starch solution (colloid) d. urea solution
Problem 76
Why do lettuce leaves in a salad wilt after a vinaigrette dressing containing salt is added?
Problem 77
A pickle is made by soaking a cucumber in brine, a saltwater solution. What makes the smooth cucumber become wrinkled like a prune?
Problem 82
How does temperature and pressure affect the solubility of solids and gases in water?
