Problem 13
Classify each solute represented in the following equations as a strong, weak, or nonelectrolyte: a. \(\mathrm{K}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}(s) \stackrel{\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}}{\longrightarrow} 2 \mathrm{~K}^{+}(a q)+\mathrm{SO}_{4}^{2-}(a q)\) \mathbf{b} . ~ \(\mathrm{NH}_{4} \mathrm{OH}(a q) \stackrel{\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}}{\rightleftarrows} \mathrm{NH}_{4}^{+}(a q)+\mathrm{OH}^{-}(a q)\) c. \(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{12} \mathrm{O}_{6}(s) \stackrel{\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}}{\longrightarrow} \mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{12} \mathrm{O}_{6}(a q)\)
Problem 14
Classify each solute represented in the following equations as a strong, weak, or nonelectrolyte: a. \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{OH}(l) \stackrel{\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}}{\longrightarrow} \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{OH}(a q)\) b. \(\mathrm{MgCl}_{2}(s) \stackrel{\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}}{\longrightarrow} \mathrm{Mg}^{2+}(a q)+2 \mathrm{Cl}^{-}(a q)\) c. \(\mathrm{HClO}(a q) \stackrel{\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}}{\stackrel{+}{\longrightarrow} \mathrm{H}^{+}(a q)+\mathrm{ClO}^{-}(a q)}\)
Problem 15
Indicate the number of equivalents in each of the following: a. 1 mole of \(\mathrm{K}^{+}\) b. 2 moles of \(\mathrm{OH}\) c. 1 mole of \(\mathrm{Ca}^{2+}\) d. 3 moles of \(\mathrm{CO}_{3}^{2-}\)
Problem 16
Indicate the number of equivalents in each of the following: a. 1 mole of \(\mathrm{Mg}^{2+}\) b. \(0.5\) mole of \(\mathrm{H}^{+}\) c. 4 moles of \(\mathrm{Cl}\) d. 2 moles of \(\mathrm{Fe}^{3+}\)
Problem 17
A physiological saline solution contains \(154 \mathrm{mEq} / \mathrm{L}\) each of \(\mathrm{Na}^{+}\) and \(\mathrm{Cl}^{-}\). How many moles each of \(\mathrm{Na}^{+}\) and \(\mathrm{Cl}^{-}\) are in \(1.00 \mathrm{~L}\) of the saline solution?
Problem 18
A solution to replace potassium loss contains \(40 . \mathrm{mEq} / \mathrm{L}\) each of \(\mathrm{K}^{+}\) and \(\mathrm{Cl}^{-}\). How many moles each of \(\mathrm{K}^{+}\) and \(\mathrm{Cl}^{-}\) are in \(1.5 \mathrm{~L}\) of the solution?
Problem 19
A solution contains \(40 . \mathrm{mEq} / \mathrm{L}\) of \(\mathrm{Cl}^{-}\) and \(15 \mathrm{mEq} / \mathrm{L}\) of \(\mathrm{HPO}_{4}{ }^{2-}\). If \(\mathrm{Na}^{+}\) is the only cation in the solution, what is the Na concentration, in milliequivalents per liter?
Problem 20
A sample of Ringer's solution contains the following concentrations (mEq/L) of cations: \(\mathrm{Na}^{+} 147, \mathrm{~K}^{+} 4\), and \(\mathrm{Ca}^{2+} 4\). If \(\mathrm{Cl}^{-}\) is the only anion in the solution, what is the \(\mathrm{Cl}^{-}\) concentration, in milliequivalents per liter?
Problem 21
State whether each of the following refers to a saturated or unsaturated solution: a. A crystal added to a solution does not change in size. b. A sugar cube completely dissolves when added to a cup of coffee.
Problem 22
State whether each of the following refers to a saturated or unsaturated solution: a. A spoonful of salt added to boiling water dissolves. b. A layer of sugar forms on the bottom of a glass of tea as ice is added.
