Problem 94
For each of the following elements, which set of orbitals is last to fill in the ground state? a. radium b. iodine c. gold d. uranium
Problem 95
Write the expected ground-state electron configuration for the following: a. the element with one unpaired 5\(p\) electron that forms a covalent with compound fluorine b. the (as yet undiscovered) alkaline earth metal after radium c. the noble gas with electrons occupying 4f orbitals d. the first-row transition metal with the most unpaired electrons
Problem 96
Using only the periodic table inside the front cover of the text, write the expected ground-state electron configurations for a. the third element in Group 5 \(\mathrm{A}\) . b. element number \(116 .\) c. an element with three unpaired 5\(d\) electrons. d. the halogen with electrons in the 6\(p\) atomic orbitals.
Problem 98
Identify the following elements. a. An excited state of this element has the electron configu- ration 1\(s^{2} 2 s^{2} 2 p^{5} 3 s^{1}\) b. The ground-state electron configuration is [Ne \(] 3 s^{2} 3 p^{4}\) . c. An excited state of this element has the electron configu- ration \([\mathrm{Kr}] 5 s^{2} 4 d^{6} 5 p^{2} 6 s^{1}\) d. The ground-state electron configuration contains three unpaired 6\(p\) electrons.
Problem 99
In the ground state of mercury, Hg, a. how many electrons occupy atomic orbitals with \(n=3 ?\) b. how many electrons occupy \(d\) atomic orbitals? c. how many electrons occupy \(p_{z}\) atomic orbitals? d. how many electrons have spin "up" " \(\left(m_{s}=+\frac{1}{2}\right) ?\)
Problem 100
In the ground state of element 115, Uup, a. how many electrons have \(n=5\) as one of their quantum numbers? b. how many electrons have \(\ell=3\) as one of their quantum numbers? c. how many electrons have \(m_{\ell}=1\) as one of their quantum numbers? d. how many electrons have \(m_{s}=-\frac{1}{2}\) as one of their quantum numbers?
Problem 101
Give a possible set of values of the four quantum numbers for all the electrons in a boron atom and a nitrogen atom if each is in the ground state.
Problem 102
Give a possible set of values of the four quantum numbers for the 4s and 3d electrons in titanium.
Problem 103
Valence electrons are those electrons in the outermost principal quantum level (highest n level) of an atom in its ground state. Groups 1A to 8A have from 1 to 8 valence electrons. For each group of the representative elements (1A–8A), give the number of valence electrons, the general valence electron configuration, a sample element in that group, and the specific valence electron configuration for that element.
Problem 104
How many valence electrons do each of the following elements have, and what are the specific valence electrons for each element? a. Ca b. O c. element 117 d. In e. Ar f. Bi
