Problem 73
Explain why scuba divers use a special gas mixture of oxygen and helium, rather than compressed air, when they dive to depths greater than 125 feet.
Problem 75
Calculate the mass of sulfur dioxide gas in \(1.00 \mathrm{~L}\) of saturated solution at \(20^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). The solubility of \(\mathrm{SO}_{2}\) at \(20{ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) is \(22.8 \mathrm{~g} / 100 \mathrm{~mL}\).
Problem 76
Calculate the mass of chlorine gas in \(500 \mathrm{~mL}\) of saturated solution at \(20^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). The solubility of \(\mathrm{Cl}_{2}\) at \(20{ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) is \(0.63 \mathrm{~g} / 100 \mathrm{~mL}\).
Problem 77
Ethyl ether, \(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{10} \mathrm{O}\), is \(7 \%\) miscible in water. Explain why ether is only partially miscible even though molecules contain an electronegative oxygen atom.
Problem 78
Phenol, \(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{OH},\) is \(7 \%\) soluble in water. Explain why phenol is only partially soluble even though molecules contain an electronegative oxygen atom.
Problem 80
Explain the decrease in solubility for the following acids in water. $$ \begin{array}{ll} \hline \text { ACID } & \text { SOLUBILITY } \\ \hline \text { acetic acid, } \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COOH} & \text { miscible } \\ \text { pentanoic acid, } \mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{9} \mathrm{COOH} & 5.0 \mathrm{~g} / 100 \mathrm{~mL} \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} \\ \text { hexanoic acid, } \mathrm{C}_{5} \mathrm{H}_{11} \mathrm{COOH} & 1.1 \mathrm{~g} / 100 \mathrm{~mL} \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} \\ \text { decanoic acid, } \mathrm{C}_{9} \mathrm{H}_{19} \mathrm{COOH} & \text { immiscible } \\ \hline \end{array} $$
Problem 81
Identify the solutes and solvents in the following solutions. (a) 80 -proof alcohol \((40 \%\) ethanol in water) (b) laboratory alcohol (95\% ethanol in water)
Problem 82
Predict whether water or carbon tetrachloride, \(\mathrm{CCl}_{4}\), is a better solvent for each of the following household substances. (a) grease (b) maple syrup (c) food color (d) gasoline
Problem 83
Ultra bleach solution contains \(6.00 \%\) sodium hypochlorite, \(\mathrm{NaClO}\). What is the molarity of \(\mathrm{NaClO}\) in ultra bleach? (Assume the density is \(1.04 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{mL}\).)
Problem 84
Vinegar contains \(4-8 \% \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COOH}\). If a vinegar sample contains \(5.00 \% \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COOH},\) what is the molarity of acetic acid? (Assume the density is \(1.01 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{mL} .)\)
