Problem 11
Predict whether each of the following solvents is miscible or immiscible with water. (a) ethanol, \(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{OH}\) (b) toluene, \(\mathrm{C}_{7} \mathrm{H}_{8}\) (c) trichloroethylene, \(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{HCl}_{3}\) (d) acetic acid, \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COOH}\)
Problem 12
Predict whether each of the following solvents is miscible or immiscible with hexane, \(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{14}\). (a) heptane, \(\mathrm{C}_{7} \mathrm{H}_{16}\) (b) methanol, \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{OH}\) (c) methyl ethyl ketone, \(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{8} \mathrm{O}\) (d) chloroform, \(\mathrm{CHCl}_{3}\)
Problem 14
Oil and water separate into two layers. Explain why the two liquids are immiscible using the like dissolves like rule.
Problem 15
State whether the following combinations of solute and solvent are generally soluble or insoluble. (a) polar solute \(+\) polar solvent (b) nonpolar solute \(+\) polar solvent (c) ionic solute \(+\) polar solvent
Problem 16
State whether the following combinations of solute an solvent are generally soluble or insoluble. (a) polar solute \(+\) nonpolar solvent (b) nonpolar solute \(+\) nonpolar solvent (c) ionic solute \(+\) nonpolar solvent
Problem 17
Predict whether each of the following compounds is soluble or insoluble in water. (a) naphthalene, \(\mathrm{C}_{10} \mathrm{H}_{8}\) (b) potassium hydroxide, \(\mathrm{KOH}\) (c) calcium acetate, \(\mathrm{Ca}\left(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}_{2}\right)_{2}\) (d) trichlorotoluene, \(\mathrm{C}_{7} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{Cl}_{3}\)
Problem 18
Predict whether each of the following compounds is soluble or insoluble in octane, \(\mathrm{C}_{8} \mathrm{H}_{18}\). (a) trichloroethylene, \(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{HCl}_{3}\) (b) iron(III) nitrate, \(\mathrm{Fe}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{3}\) (c) tartaric acid, \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{4} \mathrm{O}_{6}\) (d) dodecane, \(\mathrm{C}_{12} \mathrm{H}_{26}\)
Problem 19
Predict whether each of the following compounds is water soluble or fat soluble. (a) oleic acid, \(\mathrm{C}_{18} \mathrm{H}_{34} \mathrm{O}_{2}\) (b) citric acid, \(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{8} \mathrm{O}_{7}\) (c) lactic acid, \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}(\mathrm{OH}) \mathrm{COOH}\) (d) stearic acid, \(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\left(\mathrm{CH}_{2}\right)_{16} \mathrm{COOH}\)
Problem 20
Predict whether each of the following vitamins is water soluble or fat soluble. (a) vitamin \(\mathrm{B}_{3}, \mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{6} \mathrm{~N}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) (b) vitamin \(\mathrm{C}, \mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{8} \mathrm{O}_{6}\) (c) vitamin D, \(\mathrm{C}_{27} \mathrm{H}_{44} \mathrm{O}\) (d) vitamin \(\mathrm{K}, \mathrm{C}_{31} \mathrm{H}_{46} \mathrm{O}_{2}\)
Problem 24
Diagram a formula unit of each of the following substances dissolved in water. (a) cobalt(II) sulfate, \(\operatorname{CoSO}_{4}\) (b) nickel(II) nitrate, \(\mathrm{Ni}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{2}\)
