Problem 48
Write the equation that relates the free energy change to the value of the reaction quotient for a reaction.
Problem 49
How is the equilibrium constant related to the standard free energy change for a reaction? (Write the equation.)
Problem 50
What is the value of \(\Delta G^{\circ}\) for a reaction for which \(K=1\) ?
Problem 52
Define the term atomization energy.
Problem 53
Why are the heats of formation of gaseous atoms from their elements endothermic quantities?
Problem 55
A certain system absorbs \(0.300 \mathrm{~kJ}\) of heat and has \(0.700 \mathrm{~kJ}\) of work performed on it. What is the value of \(\Delta E\) for the change? Is the overall change exothermic or endothermic?
Problem 56
The value of \(\Delta E\) for a certain change is \(-1455 \mathrm{~J}\). During the change, the system absorbs \(812 \mathrm{~J}\) of heat. Did the system do work, or was work done on the system? How much work, expressed in joules, was involved?
Problem 57
Suppose that you were pumping an automobile tire with a hand pump that pushed 24.0 in. \(^{3}\) of air into the tire on each stroke, and that during one such stroke the opposing pressure in the tire was \(30.0 \mathrm{lb} / \mathrm{in} .^{2}\) above the normal atmospheric pressure of \(14.7 \mathrm{lb} / \mathrm{in} .^{2} .\) Calculate the number of joules of work accomplished during each stroke. \((1 \mathrm{~L} \mathrm{~atm}=101.325 \mathrm{~J})\)
Problem 63
Predict the sign of \(\Delta S\) for the following reactions. (a) The sublimation of \(\mathrm{I}_{2}(s)\) (b) \(\mathrm{CO}(g)+2 \mathrm{H}_{2}(g) \longrightarrow \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{OH}(g)\) (c) \(2 \mathrm{Na}(s)+\mathrm{Cl}_{2}(g) \longrightarrow 2 \mathrm{NaCl}(s)\)
Problem 68
A chemical system has three particles that can have energies of \(0,5,10,15,\) or \(20 \mathrm{~J}\). If the total energy of the system is \(30 \mathrm{~J}\), how many different ways can the particles be organized?
