Problem 1
Briefly summarize the steps in the electron transport chain from NADH to oxygen.
Problem 2
Are electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation the same process? Why or why not?
Problem 5
How does mitochondrial structure contribute to aerobic metabolism, particularly to the integration of the citric acid cycle and electron transport?
Problem 17
Which of the following does not play a role in respiratory complexes: cytochromes, flavoproteins, iron-sulfur proteins, or coenzyme \(Q\).
Problem 20
Two biochemistry students are about to use mitochondria isolated from rat liver for an experiment on oxidative phosphorylation. The directions for the experiment specify addition of purified cytochrome \(c\) from any source to the reaction mixture. Why is the added cytochrome \(c\) needed? Why does the source not have to be the same as that of the mitochondria?
Problem 21
Cytochrome oxidase and succinate-CoQ oxi-doreductase are isolated from mitochondria and are incubated in the presence of oxygen, along with cytochrome \(c,\) coenzyme \(Q\) and succinate. What is the overall oxidation- reduction reaction that can be expected to take place?
Problem 22
What are two advantages of the components of the electron transport chain being embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane?
Problem 24
Experimental evidence strongly suggests that the protein portions of cytochromes have evolved more slowly (as judged by the number of changes in amino acids per million years) than the protein portions of hemoglobin and myoglobin and even more slowly than hydrolytic enzymes. Suggest a reason why.
Problem 31
Describe the role of the \(F_{1}\) portion of ATP synthase in oxidative phosphorylation.
Problem 32
Is mitochondrial ATP synthase an integral membrane protein?
