Question

Craig has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. His psychiatrist has prescribed Thorazine to reduce Craig's delusions and hallucinations. Which of the following side effects might Craig experience from taking this medication long-term? a. Loss of sense of smell b. Tardive dyskinesia c. Fluid retention and rash d. Kidney problems

Short answer

Craig might experience tardive dyskinesia from taking Thorazine long-term.

Step-by-step solution

Understand Thorazine's Function

Thorazine, also known by its generic name chlorpromazine, is an antipsychotic medication used to treat conditions like schizophrenia by reducing symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations.

Identify Common Side Effects of Thorazine

Research typical side effects associated with long-term use of Thorazine. Common issues include movement disorders, particularly tardive dyskinesia, a condition resulting in involuntary, repetitive body movements.

Evaluate Each Option

Analyze each option given in the question: - Option a (Loss of sense of smell) is not commonly linked to Thorazine. - Option b (Tardive dyskinesia) is a well-documented side effect for long-term users of Thorazine. - Option c (Fluid retention and rash) can occur, but are not as specifically associated with long-term use as tardive dyskinesia. - Option d (Kidney problems) is not typically associated directly with Thorazine.

Select the Most Relevant Side Effect

Based on the analysis, identify that tardive dyskinesia, related to prolonged use of the medication, is the most likely side effect from the options provided.

Key concepts

Thorazine

Thorazine is a medication that plays a crucial role in managing certain mental health conditions. This drug, also known by its generic name chlorpromazine, is primarily used as an antipsychotic. Antipsychotic drugs like Thorazine are essential in treating diseases like schizophrenia, which is characterized by delusions and hallucinations.
Thorazine works by altering the effects of various chemicals in the brain. It primarily targets dopamine, a neurotransmitter thought to be involved in triggering psychotic symptoms. By managing dopamine levels, Thorazine can help patients regain clarity in their thoughts and perceptions, significantly improving their quality of life.

• Effective in reducing severe symptoms of schizophrenia
• Helps manage delusions and hallucinations

While it provides significant benefits, a comprehensive understanding of Thorazine should include awareness of its potential side effects, especially with prolonged use.

Antipsychotic Medication

Antipsychotic medications are drugs used to manage severe psychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and severe depression. These medications are designed to target symptoms like hallucinations, delusions, and mood disturbances. They can be classified into two main categories: typical (first-generation) and atypical (second-generation) antipsychotics.
Thorazine falls under the category of typical antipsychotics. These older antipsychotics are known to be effective but often come with a higher risk of side effects, particularly movement-related disorders.

• Typical vs. Atypical: Typical antipsychotics are older and can have more severe side effects, while atypical ones tend to have a broader treatment scope with fewer side effects.
• Mode of Action: They primarily work by blocking dopamine receptors, which helps reduce psychotic symptoms.

When prescribed, it is essential for patients and healthcare providers to weigh the benefits of these medications against the potential risks to ensure the best therapeutic outcome.

Tardive Dyskinesia

Tardive dyskinesia is a potential long-term side effect of antipsychotic medications, particularly those in the typical category like Thorazine. It is a disorder that affects the nervous system and leads to involuntary, repetitive body movements. Common manifestations of tardive dyskinesia include grimacing, tongue movements, and lip smacking. These movements can be distressing and socially inhibiting.
The risk of developing tardive dyskinesia increases with prolonged use and higher doses of antipsychotics. Recognizing the symptoms early can lead to better management and potential mitigation of the disorder.

• Symptoms include involuntary movements of the face and limbs
• Occurs most often after extended use of antipsychotic drugs

Although there is no guaranteed cure for tardive dyskinesia, adjusting medication dosage and ensuring regular check-ups can help manage its symptoms. Patients on long-term antipsychotic medication should be closely monitored for signs of this condition to ensure timely intervention.