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Nolan used to love tequila. However, a few weeks ago he drank way too much tequila and became very, very sick. His tendency to drink tequila has since declined dramatically. In operant terms, this sequence of events represents: A. generalization B. negative reinforcement. C. higher-order conditioning. D. punishment.

Short Answer

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Answer: Punishment

Step by step solution

01

Define the terms

First, let's define each of the terms to better understand the concepts: A. Generalization: A process where a learned response to a specific stimulus is applied to other similar stimuli. B. Negative reinforcement: A process where the removal of an aversive stimulus following a specific behavior increases the likelihood of that behavior occurring again. C. Higher-order conditioning: A process where a neutral stimulus is paired with a previously conditioned stimulus, causing the neutral stimulus to evoke a conditioned response. D. Punishment: A process where the presentation of an aversive stimulus or the removal of a pleasant stimulus following a specific behavior decreases the likelihood of that behavior occurring again.
02

Analyze Nolan's situation

Now that we have defined the terms, let's analyze Nolan's situation: - He used to love tequila. - He drank way too much tequila and became very sick. - His tendency to drink tequila has since declined dramatically.
03

Identify the correct term

Based on the definitions and Nolan's situation, we can determine that the correct term is: D. Punishment The reason being, after Nolan drank too much tequila, he became very sick (the presentation of an aversive stimulus). This experience then led to a decrease in the likelihood of him drinking tequila again, which follows the definition of punishment.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

The link between physical punishment and subsequent aggressive behavior is probably best explained by: A. observational learning. B. noncontingent reinforcement. C. resistance to extinction. D. classical conditioning.

Research on avoidance learning suggests that a fear response is acquired through ____________ conditioning; the avoidance response is maintained as a result of _________________ conditioning. A. classical; operant B. operant; classical C. classical; classical D. operant; operant

Positive reinforcement __________ the rate of responding; negative reinforcement ____________ the rate of responding. A. increases; decreases B. decreases; increases C. increases; increases D. decreases; decreases

Which of the following statements is (are) true? A. Classical conditioning regulates reflexive, involuntary responses exclusively. B. Operant conditioning regulates voluntary responses exclusively. C. The distinction between the two types of conditioning is not absolute, with both types jointly and interactively governing some aspects of behavior. D. Both a and b.

Watson and Rayner (1920) conditioned "Little Albert" to fear white rats by banging a hammer on a steel bar as the child played with a white rat. Later, it was discovered that Albert feared not only white rats but white stuffed toys and Santa's beard as well. Albert's fear of these other objects can be attributed to: A. the law of effect. B. stimulus generalization. C. stimulus discrimination. D. an overactive imagination.

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