Question

Which of the following learning mechanisms does B. F. Skinner see as being the major means by which behavior is learned? A. classical conditioning B. operant conditioning C. observational learning D. insight learning

Short answer

Answer: Operant conditioning.

Step-by-step solution

Understand B. F. Skinner's perspective on learning

B. F. Skinner was a prominent psychologist known for his work in behaviorism, specifically studying the impact of consequences on behavior. His theories on learning focused on how behaviors are learned through reinforcement and punishment, rather than through inherent cognitive processes.

Define classical conditioning

Classical conditioning is a learning process where an originally neutral stimulus becomes associated with a response due to pairing with an unconditioned stimulus which naturally elicits that response. This learning model was first demonstrated in the famous Pavlov's dog experiment.

Define operant conditioning

Operant conditioning is a learning process where an organism's behavior becomes more or less likely to occur based upon the consequences that follow the behavior. It focuses on using reinforcement (positive and negative) and punishment to shape behavior. B. F. Skinner is best known for his work in operant conditioning, conducting experiments with animals and developing tools like the Skinner box.

Define observational learning

Observational learning, also known as social learning or modeling, occurs when an organism learns by observing and imitating others' behavior. This type of learning has been demonstrated in various studies, such as Albert Bandura's famous Bobo doll experiment.

Define insight learning

Insight learning, also known as the aha! moment, is the sudden understanding or realization of how to solve a problem without the need for trial and error or reinforcement. This type of learning is often associated with cognitive psychologists, such as Wolfgang Köhler and his work with chimpanzees.

Identify the learning mechanism Skinner considered most important

In reviewing the descriptions of the different learning mechanisms and considering B. F. Skinner's work in behaviorism, it becomes evident that Skinner saw operant conditioning as the major means by which behavior is learned. So, the correct answer is: B. Operant conditioning