Question

Which of the following approaches has the most optimistic view of human nature? A. humanism B. behaviorism C. psychoanalysis D. structuralism

Short answer

Answer: A. Humanism

Step-by-step solution

A. Humanism

Humanism is a psychological perspective that emphasizes the inherent goodness of people, the importance of self-actualization, and the belief that all humans have the potential to become better versions of themselves. It focuses on the individual's subjective experience and intrinsic motivation to achieve fulfillment and growth.

B. Behaviorism

Behaviorism is a psychological approach that studies observable and measurable human behavior. It focuses on the relationship between environmental stimuli and behavioral responses, asserting that behavior is shaped and controlled by external factors rather than internal thoughts or feelings.

C. Psychoanalysis

Psychoanalysis is a psychological perspective developed by Sigmund Freud, which focuses on the influence of unconscious mind and early childhood experiences on human behavior. According to this approach, human nature is driven by innate sexual and aggressive instincts that can lead to irrational and socially unacceptable behavior if not properly managed.

D. Structuralism

Structuralism is an early psychological approach that focuses on analyzing the basic components of consciousness and mental processes. This perspective seeks to understand how different mental elements are organized and combined to produce thoughts, feelings, and experiences.

Comparing the approaches

Comparing the four approaches, it is evident that humanism has the most optimistic view of human nature, as it highlights the potential for personal growth, self-actualization, and emphasizes the inherent goodness of people. In contrast, the other perspectives focus more on external factors, unconscious drives, or the structure of mental processes. So, the correct answer is: A. humanism