Question

Check your understanding of various theories on the nature of intelligence by matching the names of their originators with the brief descriptions of the theories' main themes that appear below. Choose from the following theorists: (a) Alfred Binet, (b) Howard Gardner. (c) Arthur Jensen, (d) Lewis Terman, (e) Robert Sternberg, and (f) David Wechsler. The answers are in Appendix A. _______________ This person's theory posits that there are three facets of intelligence: analytical, practical, and creative intelligence.

Short answer

Answer: (e) Robert Sternberg

Step-by-step solution

Identify the theory from the description

First, let's focus on the provided description: "This person's theory posits that there are three facets of intelligence: analytical, practical, and creative intelligence." We should recall which theorist proposed a theory consisting of these three facets.

Match the theory to the correct theorist

The description provided matches the theory of intelligence proposed by Robert Sternberg, known as the Triarchic Theory of Intelligence. The theory suggests that intelligence is made up of three parts: analytical, practical, and creative intelligence.

Provide the answer based on the matching

After identifying the correct theorist, we can now confidently provide the answer: The person's theory, which posits that there are three facets of intelligence: analytical, practical, and creative intelligence, is (e) Robert Sternberg.

Key concepts

Triarchic Theory of Intelligence

When we delve into understanding the complexities of the human intellect, the Triarchic Theory of Intelligence stands out as a comprehensive framework. Developed by Robert Sternberg, this theory breaks down intelligence into three primary components: analytical, practical, and creative aspects. Instead of viewing intelligence as a singular, fixed trait, the Triarchic Theory suggests that our cognitive capabilities are multi-faceted and dynamic.

According to this approach, being intelligent isn't just about being book-smart; it's about effectively applying one's knowledge and creativity to solve problems and adapt to new situations. Sternberg's perspective provides a more holistic view of human intelligence, recognizing that individuals may excel in different areas and under various circumstances.

Robert Sternberg

Robert Sternberg is an esteemed psychologist and the progenitor of the Triarchic Theory of Intelligence. Notably, his career has been dedicated to unpacking the mysteries of the human mind. Sternberg's contributions go beyond the Triarchic Theory, encompassing a multitude of research on love, creativity, and wisdom as well. His work has been instrumental in challenging traditional metrics of intelligence, such as IQ tests, and advocating for a more nuanced understanding that reflects the complexities of cognitive processes.

Sternberg's ideas have influenced educational practices, encouraging the development of diverse teaching methods that cater to different types of intelligence. By highlighting the varying strengths of individuals, he has helped to create a more inclusive and supportive learning environment.

Analytical Intelligence

Diving into the first component of the Triarchic Theory, analytical intelligence, often referred to as componential intelligence, involves the proficiency in processing information, logical reasoning, and problem-solving. This dimension of intelligence is what most traditional educational assessments aim to measure. It includes the ability to analyze, evaluate, judge, or compare and contrast.

Strong analytical thinkers are usually good at breaking down complex concepts and problems into more manageable parts, which is a valued skill in academic settings. However, Sternberg's theory posits that while analytical ability is significant, it should be seen in conjunction with the other forms of intelligence to get a full picture of an individual's capabilities.

Practical Intelligence

The second pillar of Sternberg's model is practical intelligence, sometimes referred to as contextual intelligence. This aspect is about applying knowledge to real-world situations. It involves adapting to, shaping, and selecting environments that meet one's needs and goals. Practical intelligence is what allows people to handle everyday tasks and challenges effectively.

People with high practical intelligence may not always excel in traditional academic settings, but they have a 'street-smart' aptitude, enabling them to navigate complex social settings and day-to-day tasks with ease. This form of intelligence is shaped by experiences and is often learned indirectly through observation and modeling rather than direct instruction.

Creative Intelligence

Completing the Triarchic Theory's trifecta, creative intelligence or experiential intelligence shines the spotlight on one's ability to deal with novel situations and generate new ideas. It involves thinking outside the box, innovation, and imagination. Creative intelligence is not merely about artistic talents but also encompasses the capacity to think creatively in academic, professional, and social contexts.

Sternberg posits that creative intelligence develops through a combination of innate ability and experiences that encourage one to take risks and consider alternative perspectives. It's the spark behind the 'aha!' moments when one connects seemingly unrelated concepts to form a unique solution. In the ever-evolving landscape of the 21st century, creative intelligence is increasingly recognized as a crucial skill.