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Chapter 11: Problem 1

Choose from the following theorists: (a) Alfred Adler, (b) Albert Bandura, (c) Hans Eysenck, (d) Sigmund Freud, (e) Abraham Maslow, (f) Walter Mischel. ________ "If you deliberately plan to be less than you are capable of being, then warn you that you'll be deeply unhappy for the rest of your life."

Short Answer

Expert verified
Answer: (e) Abraham Maslow

Step by step solution

01

Analyze Alfred Adler

Alfred Adler is known for founding the school of Individual Psychology. He focused on the importance of feelings of inferiority and the striving for superiority as significant factors in human development. However, this quote does not seem to align with his main ideas.
02

Analyze Albert Bandura

Albert Bandura is famous for his Social Learning Theory, which emphasizes the importance of observational learning, imitation, and modeling. While this quote could possibly relate to the concept of self-efficacy, it does not seem to be a direct reflection of Bandura's primary focus.
03

Analyze Hans Eysenck

Hans Eysenck is known for his research in personality and intelligence, and he developed a model of personality traits. His focus was mainly on genetic and environmental factors that shape personality. The given quote does not directly relate to these ideas.
04

Analyze Sigmund Freud

Sigmund Freud is the founder of psychoanalysis, focusing on the impact of unconscious desires and childhood experiences on human behavior and development. While the quote could possibly be connected to Freud's views on how our unconscious desires can influence our actions and thoughts, it is not a direct reflection of his main ideas.
05

Analyze Abraham Maslow

Abraham Maslow is well-known for his theory of human motivation, specifically the Hierarchy of Needs. In this theory, he emphasizes the idea of self-actualization, which refers to the process of realizing and fulfilling one's potential. The given quote directly relates to this concept of self-actualization, suggesting that not striving to achieve one's full potential will lead to unhappiness.
06

Analyze Walter Mischel

Walter Mischel is known for his research on self-regulation and the cognitive-affective personality system. While his ideas might involve aspects of personal potential and happiness, the quote does not directly align with his main concepts.
07

Conclusion

After analyzing each theorist and their main ideas, it becomes clear that the quote: "If you deliberately plan to be less than you are capable of being, then warn you that you'll be deeply unhappy for the rest of your life," is most likely attributed to Abraham Maslow, as it best aligns with his concept of self-actualization within the Hierarchy of Needs.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Abraham Maslow
Abraham Maslow stands out as one of the luminaries in the study of human psychology. With a keen interest in what motivates human behavior, Maslow developed a theory that transcends basic needs and moves towards personal growth. His work has shaped the understanding of motivation by emphasizing the human potential for growth, creativity, and the search for meaning.

One of Maslow's most profound contributions is the assertion that beyond our physical and emotional needs, lies a powerful drive to realize our full potential and true self. This realization encapsulates the essence of his ideologies that not only challenged but also complemented the work of his contemporaries.
Hierarchy of Needs
At the heart of Maslow's contribution to psychology is the Hierarchy of Needs, a pyramid-shaped representation of human motivational psychology. This model starts with the most fundamental physiological needs such as food, water, and shelter, forming its base. As these are met, individuals can proceed to higher levels involving safety, love and belonging, esteem, and eventually the pinnacle of self-actualization.

Self-actualization is characterized by the fulfillment of personal potential and is often associated with peak experiences that involve feelings of harmony and profound connection. The journey through this hierarchy reflects a path that is not necessarily linear but is pivotal in understanding personal growth and human motivation.
Human Motivation Psychology
Human motivation psychology explores what propels us to take action, change, and grow. It's a field that encompasses theories like Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, which delve into the intrinsic desires beyond basic survival. It looks at how motivations vary dramatically between individuals and can be influenced by a variety of internal and external factors.

Beyond just living, motivation is about thriving and finding personal fulfillment. This facet of psychology intertwines with concepts of self-determination, the drive for competence, connection with others, and intrinsic versus extrinsic motivations. Understanding the complexity of what motivates us is critical in creating the roadmap to self-fulfillment and happiness.
Individual Psychology
Coined by Alfred Adler, one of the key figures alongside Maslow, the idea of Individual Psychology emphasizes our attempts to achieve personal success and compensate for feelings of inferiority. Adler spoke of the importance of societal contribution and the sense that we are part of a larger community.

This school of thought complements Maslow's by drawing attention to the social context of self-actualization. According to Adler, our personality is shaped not only by our striving for success but also by how we cooperate with others to achieve common goals. The community thus becomes a playground for both self-improvement and social welfare, intricately tying into the broader framework of human motivation psychology.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Check your understanding of defense mechanisms by identifying specific defenses in the story below. Each example of a defense mechanism is underlined, with a number beneath it. Write in the defense at work in each case in the numbered spaces after the story. The answers are in Appendix A. My boyfriend recently broke up with me after we had dated seriously for several years. At first, I cried a great deal and \(\underline{\text { locked myself in my room, where I pouted endlessly. }}\) was sure that my former boyfriend felt as miserable as I did.\(\underline{\text { I told several friends that he was probably lonely and depressed.}}\) Later, I decided that I hated him.\(\underline{\text { I was happy about the breaküp and talked about how much / was going to enjoy my newfound freedom,}}\) 1 went to parties and socialized a great deal and just forgot about him. \(\underline{\text { It's funny-at one point / couldn't even remember his phone number. }}\) Then I started pining for him again. But eventually l began to look at the situation more objectively. I realized that he had many faults and that \(\underline{\text { we were bound to break up sooner or later, so / was better off without him }}\) 5\. _______________

Check your recall of the principal ideas of important personality theorists covered in this chapter by matching the people listed on the left with the appropriate contributions described on the right. Fill in the letters for your choices in the spaces provided on the left. You'll find the answers in Appendix A. Key Ideas and Contributions a. This humanistic theorist is famous for his hierarchy of needs and his work on self-actualizing persons. b. This humanist called his approach a "personcentered theory." He argued that an incongruent self-concept tends to promote anxiety and defensive behavior. c. This influential behaviorist explained personality development in terms of operant conditioning, especially the process of reinforcement. d. This theorist emphasized the importance of unconscious conflicts, anxiety, defense mechanisms, and psychosexual development. e. This behaviorist sparked a robust debate about the importance of the person, as opposed to the situation, in determining behavior. f. This theorist views personality structure as a hierarchy of traits and argues that personality is heavily influenced by heredity. g. This theorist clashed with Freud and argued that the foremost source of human motivation is a striving for superiority. h. This psychodynamic theorist is famous for the concepts of the collective unconscious and archetypes. i. This theorist's social cognitive theory emphasizes observational learning and self-efficacy. Major Theorists _____Abraham Maslow

Check your understanding of defense mechanisms by identifying specific defenses in the story below. Each example of a defense mechanism is underlined, with a number beneath it. Write in the defense at work in each case in the numbered spaces after the story. The answers are in Appendix A. My boyfriend recently broke up with me after we had dated seriously for several years. At first, I cried a great deal and \(\underline{\text { locked myself in my room, where I pouted endlessly. }}\) was sure that my former boyfriend felt as miserable as I did.\(\underline{\text { I told several friends that he was probably lonely and depressed.}}\) Later, I decided that I hated him.\(\underline{\text { I was happy about the breaküp and talked about how much / was going to enjoy my newfound freedom,}}\) 1 went to parties and socialized a great deal and just forgot about him. \(\underline{\text { It's funny-at one point / couldn't even remember his phone number. }}\) Then I started pining for him again. But eventually l began to look at the situation more objectively. I realized that he had many faults and that \(\underline{\text { we were bound to break up sooner or later, so / was better off without him }}\) 3\. _______________

Check your understanding of defense mechanisms by identifying specific defenses in the story below. Each example of a defense mechanism is underlined, with a number beneath it. Write in the defense at work in each case in the numbered spaces after the story. The answers are in Appendix A. My boyfriend recently broke up with me after we had dated seriously for several years. At first, I cried a great deal and \(\underline{\text { locked myself in my room, where I pouted endlessly. }}\) was sure that my former boyfriend felt as miserable as I did.\(\underline{\text { I told several friends that he was probably lonely and depressed.}}\) Later, I decided that I hated him.\(\underline{\text { I was happy about the breaküp and talked about how much / was going to enjoy my newfound freedom,}}\) 1 went to parties and socialized a great deal and just forgot about him. \(\underline{\text { It's funny-at one point / couldn't even remember his phone number. }}\) Then I started pining for him again. But eventually l began to look at the situation more objectively. I realized that he had many faults and that \(\underline{\text { we were bound to break up sooner or later, so / was better off without him }}\) 4\. _______________

Check your understanding of defense mechanisms by identifying specific defenses in the story below. Each example of a defense mechanism is underlined, with a number beneath it. Write in the defense at work in each case in the numbered spaces after the story. The answers are in Appendix A. My boyfriend recently broke up with me after we had dated seriously for several years. At first, I cried a great deal and \(\underline{\text { locked myself in my room, where I pouted endlessly. }}\) was sure that my former boyfriend felt as miserable as I did.\(\underline{\text { I told several friends that he was probably lonely and depressed.}}\) Later, I decided that I hated him.\(\underline{\text { I was happy about the breaküp and talked about how much / was going to enjoy my newfound freedom,}}\) 1 went to parties and socialized a great deal and just forgot about him. \(\underline{\text { It's funny-at one point / couldn't even remember his phone number. }}\) Then I started pining for him again. But eventually l began to look at the situation more objectively. I realized that he had many faults and that \(\underline{\text { we were bound to break up sooner or later, so / was better off without him }}\) 2\. . _______________
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