Problem 1
A language's rules for arranging words and symbols in a sentence or parts of a sentence is called a. grammar. b. lexicon. c. syntax. d. representation.
Problem 1
Structures in the mind-such as an idea or image-that stand for something else, such as an external object or thing, are known as a. memories. b. mental representations. c. mental rotation. d. visions.
Problem 2
Which of the following would be considered a prototype for fruit? a. kiwi b. tomato c. avocado d. apple
Problem 2
During which stage of language development do babies make many more sounds than they hear in their native languages? a. babbling b. cooing c. one-word utterances d. telegraphic speech
Problem 3
When we reason from general statements of what is known to specific conclusions, we are engaging in a. hypothesis testing. b. inductive reasoning. c. deductive reasoning. d. logic.
Problem 3
According to Skinner, children learn to speak a particular language because a. they possess an inherent ability to speak. b. they engage in imitation of what they hear. c. they have a language acquisition device. d. they get reinforcement from their parents for various utterances.
Problem 4
Which theory of language argues that, if there are no words for certain objects or concepts in one's language, one is unable to think about those objects or concepts? a. nativist theory b. theory of innately guided learning c. linguistic determinism hypothesis d. Skinnerian theory of language
Problem 4
What distinguishes scientific thinking from nonscientific thinking? a. the ability to separate belief from evidence b. the ability to reason c. concept formation d. the use of heuristics
Problem 5
_____________ are mental shortcuts for making complex and uncertain decisions and judgments. a. Categories b. Schemas c. Calculations d. Heuristics
Problem 6
Which of the following makes people believe they are more likely to die in a plane crash than a car crash? a. the fear schema b. the availability heuristic c. concept formation d. the representativeness heuristic
