Question

If Dr. Lovejoy wanted to examine whether certain personality traits make aggression more likely, she would probably use what kind of research design? a. descriptive b. correlational c. interview d. experimental

Short answer

The correct answer is b. correlational.

Step-by-step solution

Understanding the Research Question

Dr. Lovejoy aims to examine whether certain personality traits are linked to aggression, which involves exploring the relationship between variables.

Identifying Variables

The key variables involved are 'personality traits' and 'aggression.' The research seeks to determine if there is a relationship between these two variables.

Choosing the Suitable Research Design

Descriptive research would only summarize data, while interviews collect qualitative data. Experimental research manipulates variables to determine causality. Correlational research provides insights into the strength and direction of relationships between variables without manipulation.

Determining the Best Fit

Since Dr. Lovejoy wants to examine the relationship without manipulating variables, correlational research design is suitable. It allows her to observe natural associations between personality traits and aggression.

Key concepts

correlational research

Correlational research plays a crucial role in understanding the relationships between different variables without interferences. In this type of research, we look at how two or more characteristics or variables relate to each other. It's important to note that this method only assesses the direction and strength of relationships rather than establishing cause and effect. For instance, if Dr. Lovejoy wants to know if a link exists between personality traits and aggression levels, correlational research is the perfect fit. She can collect data from individuals about their personality traits and aggression and then determine if there's a pattern or trend between them.
This approach is highly beneficial because:

• It provides insight into real-life, natural scenarios without manipulation.
• It's relatively easy to collect data and analyze relationships.
• Discovering relationships can help form the basis for further studies.

However, be cautious not to make causal assumptions based on correlational findings. Correlational research shows how variables move together, but there may be other factors at play, not identified in the study.

personality traits

Personality traits are enduring patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that distinguish individuals. Psychologists often study these traits using models such as the "Big Five"—Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism. These traits offer a framework to understand how one might behave in certain situations.
In the context of Dr. Lovejoy's study, knowing an individual's personality traits could be crucial in predicting their potential for aggression. For example, someone high in Neuroticism might be more prone to aggressive behavior when stressed. Conversely, a person with high Agreeableness might demonstrate calming responses.
By exploring these traits, researchers can:

• Anticipate behavioral tendencies and responses to various scenarios.
• Develop relevant interventions or policies based on findings.
• Understand how these traits influence personal interaction and decision-making.

Analyses of personality traits allow us to tap into the deep-seated aspects of human nature, potentially offering deeper insights into behavior patterns such as aggression.

aggression

Aggression can be described as behavior that is intended to harm another individual. It encompasses a wide range of actions, from verbal abuse to physical violence. Understanding aggression involves considering various influences, including biological, environmental, and psychological factors.
In Dr. Lovejoy's investigation, she's particularly interested in whether certain personality traits make individuals more inclined toward aggressive behavior. This connection is pivotal, as it can help in identifying groups at risk and devising prevention strategies.
A closer look at aggression reveals:

• It is not a simple behavior but a complex one influenced by multiple factors.
• Personality, upbringing, and social dynamics all weigh in on aggressive tendencies.
• Different types of aggression, such as reactive versus proactive, may bear varying implications for research and intervention.

Ultimately, understanding aggression in connection with personality traits could guide psychological and sociological efforts to decrease hostility and encourage positive behaviors.