Question

_____ is most well-known for proposing his hierarchy of needs. a. Noam Chomsky b. Carl Rogers c. Abraham Maslow d. Sigmund Freud

Short answer

c. Abraham Maslow

Step-by-step solution

Identify the Concept

The first step is to identify the concept that the question revolves around. In this case, it's the 'hierarchy of needs'. This is a theory in psychology, proposed by a specific psychologist, which discusses the levels of human needs, from the basic physiological needs to self-actualization.

Review the Choices

Next, review all the given options. You have four psychologists to choose from: Noam Chomsky, Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow, and Sigmund Freud. Each of these individuals has made significant contributions to their fields, but not all of them proposed a hierarchy of needs.

Match the Concept to the Psychologist

The final step involves matching the concept with the correct psychologist. In this case, the 'hierarchy of needs' was proposed by Abraham Maslow.

Key concepts

Abraham Maslow

Abraham Maslow was an influential psychologist renowned for his contribution to humanistic psychology and for developing the hierarchy of needs theory, a framework for understanding human motivation. His theory suggests that people are motivated by a series of hierarchical needs, starting with basic physiological demands and culminating in the pursuit of self-actualization. Maslow's work emphasized the human potential for growth and the importance of focusing on positive qualities and the health of individuals, which was a notable shift away from the more pathology-centric views of psychology at the time.

His five-tier model of human needs, typically depicted as a pyramid, includes from bottom to top: physiological, safety, love and belonging, esteem, and self-actualization needs. This model has been widely applied in various fields, including education, management, and psychotherapy, as a tool for understanding motivation and personal development.

Humanistic Psychology

Humanistic psychology is a perspective within psychology that emerged in the mid-20th century, partly as a reaction to the limitations of behaviorism and psychoanalysis. Focusing on the individual's unique experiences, it emphasizes personal growth, free will, and the concept of self-actualization. This approach seeks to understand the whole person and the subjective experiences that contribute to their behavior and mental processes.

Central to humanistic psychology is the belief that every person has inherent worth and the potential for self-improvement. It aims to nurture those potentials by providing a supportive and positive environment. This field of psychology heralded a more holistic approach to mental health, with a greater emphasis on looking at behaviors within the context of a person's environment and experiences.

Humanistic psychologists focus on the here and now, rather than looking at past behaviors or predicting future ones, making this approach distinctly different from other psychological viewpoints. They are particularly interested in helping individuals live fulfilling lives, something that's reflected in the practices of counseling and therapy that are derived from humanistic principles.

Self-Actualization

Self-actualization represents the pinnacle of Maslow's hierarchy of needs. It is the process of realizing and fulfilling one's talents and potentialities, essentially becoming the best version of oneself. This concept is often associated with the phrase 'What a man can be, he must be,' which captures the essence of self-actualization.

According to Maslow, self-actualization can only be pursued once the more basic needs such as physiological, safety, love and belonging, and esteem needs are sufficiently satisfied. This stage is characterized by behaviors and experiences such as the pursuit of creative endeavors, spiritual enlightenment, personal growth, and peak experiences.

However, Maslow also acknowledged that self-actualization is not an end state but a continuous process of becoming rather than a perfect state one reaches. Not everyone will reach this stage of self-actualization. Life circumstances, psychological barriers, and not having other needs met can prevent an individual from achieving self-actualization.