Question

Keyshawn learns that, according to psychology research, students' active reading is related to their getting higher quiz scores. The research method used to get this data must have been a. an observational study b. correlational c. a case study d. experimental

Short answer

The research method used to gather data showing the relationship between students' active reading and higher quiz scores is \(b. correlational\), as it examines the relationship between two or more variables without manipulation.

Step-by-step solution

Analyze the Provided Information

Evaluate the provided information, which is: "students' active reading is related to their getting higher quiz scores." This research method is focusing on the relationship between active reading and higher quiz scores.

Look for Relevant Clues

The exercise states that there is a relationship between active reading and higher quiz scores. It does not seem to mention any manipulation of variables or specific details about an individual or group.

Compare the Research Methods

Based on the given information and clues, we can determine which research method was used. Here's a quick comparison: a. Observational Study - Would only involve observing behavior, but we are given a relationship between two variables. b. Correlational - This examines the relationship between two or more variables, fitting the provided information. c. Case Study - The data does not focus on a single individual, group, or event. d. Experimental - There is no mention of manipulating variables for cause and effect.

Choose the Best Fit

Based on the comparison in Step 3, the research method that best fits the given information about the relationship between students' active reading and their getting higher quiz scores is "b. correlational".

Key concepts

Correlational Study

In a correlational study, researchers investigate the relationship between two or more variables without manipulating them. This type of research is particularly useful when ethical or practical constraints prevent experimental manipulation. The primary goal is to understand how variables move in relation to each other. For example, in the case of active reading and quiz scores, a correlational study would examine whether increases in active reading habits are associated with higher quiz scores. Correlational studies do not establish causation. They merely suggest a link might exist. When interpreting these studies, it's important to remember:

• Direction of relationship: Positive indicates both variables increase together, negative means one increases as the other decreases.
• Strength of relationship: Measured by a correlation coefficient, typically ranging from -1 to 1.

Correlational studies are often a stepping stone to more in-depth research, guiding future experiments that can explore cause and effect.

Active Reading

Active reading is an engaging way of reading that involves interaction with the text. This approach challenges students to analyze and question the material, improving comprehension and retention. Unlike passive reading, where readers might skim through content, active reading ensures readers are fully engaged. When applied, active reading might include:

• Annotating the text with notes or highlights.
• Summarizing sections in one's own words.
• Asking questions about the content and seeking answers.

The goal is to deepen understanding, making it more likely that students will perform better in assessments like quizzes. Research suggests that engaging in active reading can lead to better academic performance, as it encourages critical thinking and reinforces learning.

Quiz Scores

Quiz scores are numerical representations of a student’s performance on quizzes. They are a common way to assess understanding and mastery of a subject. In educational research, quiz scores can be used as a tool for measuring the outcome of various teaching methods, like active reading. Improving quiz scores often involves:

• Frequent practice and self-testing.
• Developing effective study habits.
• Utilizing techniques like active reading to enhance comprehension.

High quiz scores may indicate a strong grasp of the material, though they might also reflect test-taking skills. Regardless, they are critical in tracking progress and identifying areas needing improvement.

Research Methodology

Research methodology refers to the systematic plan followed by researchers to gather and analyze data. It's fundamental in ensuring that research findings are valid and reliable. Different methodologies suit different research goals and constraints. Key aspects of research methodology include:

• Selecting an appropriate research design, like correlational, experimental, or case study.
• Choosing sampling methods to accurately represent the study population.
• Employing suitable data collection techniques, whether quantitative or qualitative.

Understanding the methodology helps in accurately interpreting research results. It guides researchers in the planning and execution stages, ensuring that their findings can contribute effectively to the field's body of knowledge.