Question

Identify each of the following descriptions as characteristic of sensory memory (SM), short-term memory (STM), or long-term memory (LTM).Function Storage of information for later retrieval ____________.

Short answer

The given description "Storage of information for later retrieval" is characteristic of Long-term Memory (LTM).

Step-by-step solution

Determine the Type of Memory

The description states that the function is "Storage of information for later retrieval." Since this statement indicates a longer duration of storage rather than a very short one or a temporary one, it is characteristic of long-term memory (LTM). Therefore, the answer is: Long-term Memory (LTM).

Key concepts

Sensory Memory

Sensory memory acts as the first stage of the memory process. It's like the initial gateway for information entering our brain. This type of memory retains sensory impressions immediately after they occur, acting as a buffer for stimuli received through the senses. The duration of sensory memory is extremely short, typically lasting less than a second for visual and several seconds for auditory information. Imagine quickly looking at an object and then closing your eyes. The brief image that lingers is a result of your sensory memory.

There are three main types of sensory memories:

• Iconic memory: Visual sensory memory that holds images.
• Echoic memory: Auditory sensory memory that preserves sounds.
• Haptic memory: Sensory memory for touch.

Sensory memory plays a crucial role in how we perceive the world around us as it provides a seamless flow of information. It ensures that we don't miss out on important new information, even if only temporarily.

Short-term Memory

Short-term memory, often referred to as working memory, is where our brain temporarily holds current thoughts and information. This memory type allows us to process and manipulate information needed for tasks we're actively engaged in. It acts like a mental scratchpad or notepad to hold bits of information briefly.

Imagine trying to remember a phone number just long enough to dial it. That's your short-term memory at work. In general, this type of memory holds information for about 15 to 30 seconds without rehearsal.

• Capacity: It's limited, typically able to store about 5 to 9 items at once.
• Duration: Without any sort of active 'mind work', it fades quickly.

Short-term memory is closely linked to problem-solving and decision-making. By rehearsing or chunking, we can sometimes transfer information from short-term to long-term memory.

Long-term Memory

Long-term memory acts like the hard drive of the brain, storing information over extended periods. This memory type can retain information indefinitely, ranging from minutes to a lifetime. Whether it’s remembering your first bicycle ride or academic knowledge like math formulas, long-term memory helps us retain and retrieve past experiences and truths.

Long-term memory is generally divided into two categories:

• Explicit memory: This includes facts and events that we consciously remember. It's further divided into episodic (personal experiences) and semantic memory (general knowledge).
• Implicit memory: This involves skills and routines we've learned, like riding a bike or tying shoelaces.

The strength of a long-term memory can depend on factors such as the frequency and emotional significance of the information. Active rehearsal, meaningful associations, and emotional connections enhance how effectively information is stored and retrieved from long-term memory.