Question

Match the name of each brain scan with the appropriate description: a. EEG b. \(\mathrm{fMRl}\) c. PET 1\. By locating radiation within the brain, a computer can provide a striking picture of brain activity. 2\. Electrodes placed around the skull record the electrical signals transmitted through the train. 3\. This technique provides a three-dimensional view of the brain by aiming a magnetic field at the body

Short answer

EEG matches with description 2, fMRI matches with description 3 and PET matches with description 1

Step-by-step solution

Match EEG

EEG or Electroencephalogram involves recording electrical signals from the brain. It is done by placing electrodes around the skull. In the exercise the description that fits this is number 2, hence, EEG matches with description 2.

Match fMRI

fMRI or Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging produces a three-dimensional view of the brain by using a magnetic field. In the exercise the description that fits this is number 3, hence, fMRI matches with description 3.

Match PET

PET or Positron Emission Tomography involves locating radiation within the brain to provide a picture of brain activity. In the exercise the description that fits this is number 1, hence, PET matches with description 1.

Key concepts

EEG

An EEG, or Electroencephalogram, is a non-invasive brain imaging technique that records electrical activity in the brain. This method is widely used in research and diagnostics due to its ability to offer real-time insights into brain function. During an EEG session, electrodes—small sensors that detect electrical signals—are strategically placed on the scalp. These electrodes capture the brain's electrical activity generated by neurons, which is then translated into wavelike graphs.

• Real-time monitoring: EEGs provide immediate feedback on the electrical activity occurring in the brain.
• Applications: EEGs are used to diagnose conditions like epilepsy, sleep disorders, and other neurological issues.
• Non-invasive: The procedure is painless and doesn't interact directly with the brain tissue.

One limitation of EEGs is their limited ability to pinpoint the exact location of brain activity. Although they measure electrical patterns effectively, the spatial resolution—measure of precision in localization—is low. Despite this, EEGs remain a common and essential tool for understanding the electrical workings of the brain.

fMRI

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, or fMRI, is a technique that measures and maps brain activity by detecting changes associated with blood flow. When an area of the brain is in use, blood flow to that region also increases, making fMRI an excellent method for detecting brain activity with high precision.

• Three-dimensional imaging: By utilizing strong magnetic fields and radio waves, fMRI creates detailed 3D images of the brain's structure and activity.
• Blood flow: fMRI detects these changes in blood flow and, by extension, changes in brain activity.
• Applications: It is valuable in both medical diagnostics and research, helping to map brain functions and activities related to mental processes.

While it offers excellent spatial resolution, fMRI is not without its limitations. For instance, it does not measure neuronal activity directly and is more costly and less accessible than some other imaging techniques. Nonetheless, fMRI is an incredibly powerful tool for researchers seeking to understand the complex operations of the brain.

PET scan

A PET scan, or Positron Emission Tomography, is another sophisticated imaging technique used to observe metabolic processes in the body. In the context of brain imaging, a PET scan helps visualize brain activity by detecting the movement and location of radioactive tracer materials introduced into the body.

• Radiotracers: The patient is given a small amount of radioactive substance, which accumulates in target areas, allowing for the mapping of brain activity.
• Functional insights: PET scans provide data on brain metabolism, which is useful for diagnosing disorders and studying brain processes.
• Compatibility: PET scans are often used alongside CT or MRI scans for more comprehensive imaging analysis.

Although PET scans offer valuable insights, they have limitations such as the use of radioactive materials, which require special handling. Additionally, the spatial resolution of PET is lower than fMRI, though PET can measure metabolic changes more directly. Despite these challenges, PET scans remain an indispensable tool in the field of brain research and clinical diagnostics.