Question

One highly effective biomedical treatment for a psychological disorder, used mainly to arrest and prevent manic-depressive episodes, is a. Chlorpromazine b. Lithium c. Librium d. Valium

Short answer

The correct answer is option b, Lithium.

Step-by-step solution

Understand the drugs

Let's start by understanding that chlorpromazine is an antipsychotic medication used to treat schizophrenia; Librium and Valium are both benzodiazepines used to treat anxiety disorders; which leaves us with lithium.

Identify the appropriate drug

Among the given options, Lithium is a mood stabilizer most commonly used for the treatment of bipolar disorder, which is characterized by manic-depressive episodes.

Select the correct answer

Based on the analysis, the correct answer is Lithium, as it is particularly used to prevent manic-depressive episodes in bipolar disorder.

Key concepts

Psychological Disorders

Psychological disorders are conditions characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, or behaviors that cause distress or impair daily functioning. These disorders affect how individuals think, feel, and behave, and they can have a profound impact on their quality of life.
Here are a few key points to understand about psychological disorders:

• They vary greatly in severity, from mild to severe.
• Common examples include anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, and schizophrenia.
• They are often diagnosed based on the criteria outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5).

One important thing to remember is that psychological disorders are complex and influenced by a combination of genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors. These complexities require comprehensive and individualized treatment approaches, which may include psychotherapy, medication, or a combination of different therapies.

Mood Stabilizers

Mood stabilizers are a class of medications used primarily to treat mood disorders by stabilizing mood swings, particularly in conditions like bipolar disorder. They are crucial in managing both manic and depressive episodes, thereby reducing the overall frequency and severity of mood episodes.
Key characteristics of mood stabilizers include:

• They help to prevent extreme mood shifts.
• They are typically used long-term to maintain mood stability.
• Common mood stabilizers include lithium and other anticonvulsants such as valproate and lamotrigine.

Mood stabilizers work by affecting neurotransmitter systems in the brain, but the exact mechanisms can vary. It’s essential to closely monitor their effects in patients, as these medications can have side effects that need to be managed. Regular blood tests are often required, especially when taking lithium, to ensure safe and effective treatment.

Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder is a mental health condition marked by significant mood swings, including emotional highs (mania or hypomania) and lows (depression). These mood fluctuations can affect sleep, energy levels, behavior, judgment, and the ability to think clearly.
Some important aspects to understand about bipolar disorder include:

• There are several types of bipolar disorder, each characterized by different patterns of mood episodes.
• The exact cause of bipolar disorder is unknown, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors.
• Treatment often combines medications such as mood stabilizers, psychotherapy, and lifestyle adjustments.

Managing bipolar disorder is an ongoing process that requires comprehensive care and support from healthcare professionals and family members. With proper treatment, individuals with bipolar disorder can lead full and productive lives.