Question

Carl's determination to succeed is the dominant force in all his activities and relationships. According to Gordon Allport's theory, this is an example of a _____ trait. In contrast, Cindy's fondness for old western movies is an example of a trait.

Short answer

Carl exhibits a cardinal trait while Cindy's behavior is an example of a central trait according to Gordon Allport's trait theory.

Step-by-step solution

Identify dominant trait for Carl

Analyze Carl's behavior. His determination to succeed influences all his activities and relationships. According to Gordon Allport's trait theory, a trait that dominates an individual's life is referred to as a cardinal trait.

Identify less dominant trait for Cindy

Analyze Cindy's behavior. Her fondness for old western movies does not seem to influence all aspects of her life. This is a specific preference and according to Allport's trait theory, a trait that influences only certain areas of an individual's life is referred to as a central trait.

Key concepts

Cardinal Traits

In the realm of personality psychology, Gordon Allport introduced the concept of cardinal traits to explain characteristics that dominate an individual's entire personality. These traits are powerful and pervasive, influencing every aspect of a person's behavior.
For some individuals, a cardinal trait is so prominent that the person becomes famous for it. For example, consider the determination to succeed that can define a person like a star athlete or a groundbreaking inventor.
The trait becomes the lens through which all actions and decisions are filtered. It shapes their relationships, professional life, and how they interact with the world. However, not everyone possesses a cardinal trait, as they tend to be rare and highly influential characteristics.
A clear identifier of a cardinal trait is when you can sum up a person’s life through a single quality or passion. This unique trait guides their endeavors and encompasses their overall personality, like Carl's unwavering determination mentioned in the exercise.

Central Traits

While cardinal traits are rare and exceptional, central traits are much more common in individuals. According to Allport, these traits are the building blocks of a person's personality. They are less dominant than cardinal traits but are still noteworthy.
Central traits often manifest in preferences, styles, or ways of behavior that are evident in many, but not all areas, of a person's life. For example, someone might be honest, sociable, or driven, but these traits only surface in specific situations or contexts.
A person usually has several central traits that work together, creating a unique blend that forms their personality. As mentioned for Cindy, her preference for old western movies reflects a central trait. It may influence her choice of entertainment and leisure activities, but does not engulf her entire personality.
Understanding central traits helps in recognizing the consistency in behaviors and preferences in varied settings, presenting a balanced view of someone's character.

Psychology Education

Gordon Allport's trait theory is a cornerstone in understanding human personality within psychology education. It introduces the concept of differing levels of traits that vary in influence and scope across an individual’s life.
Learning about these traits is crucial for students as it provides insights into how specific characteristics shape human behavior and interactions. For instance, identifying whether a behavior is governed by a cardinal or central trait can enhance personality assessments.
Besides, psychology education helps students grasp how personality influences choices and development. Through theories like Allport's, learners get a conflict-free introduction to the complexities of human personalities.
This foundational knowledge is vital for those pursuing careers in psychology or counseling, as it aids in understanding the diverse ways personalities manifest in daily life and human interactions. Moreover, it lays the groundwork for advanced studies in psychological theories and applications.