Chapter 2: Q4DQ (page 496)
The amplitude of a wave decreases gradually as the wave travels down a long, stretched string. What happens to the energy of the wave when this happens?
It will Decrease.
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Lane dividers on highways sometimes have regularly
spaced ridges or ripples. When the tires of a moving car roll along
such a divider, a musical note is produced. Why? Explain how this
phenomenon could be used to measure the car’s speed.
A turntable 1.50 m in diameter rotates at 75 rpm. Two speakers, each giving off sound of wavelength 31.3 cm, are attached to the rim of the table at opposite ends of a diameter. A listener stands in front of the turntable. (a) What is the greatest beat frequency the listener will receive from this system? (b) Will the listener be able to distinguish individual beats?
A violinist is tuning her instrument to concert A . She plays the note while listening to an electronically generated tone of exactly that frequency and hears a beat frequency of , which increases to when she tightens her violin string slightly. (a) What was the frequency of the note played by her violin when she heard the beats? (b) To get her violin perfectly tuned to concert A, should she tighten or loosen her string from what it was when she heard the beats?
For sound waves in air with frequency 1000 Hz, a displacement amplitude of 1.2 x 108 m produces a pressure amplitude of 3.0 × 10-² Pa. Water at 20°C has a bulk modulus of 2.2 x 10⁹ Pa, and the speed of sound in water at this temperature is 1480 m/s. For 1000-Hz sound waves in 20°C water, what displacement amplitude is produced if the pressure amplitude is 3.0 x 102 Pa? Explain why your answer is much less than 1.2 x 10-8 m.
If you wait at a railroad crossing as a train approach and passes, you hear a Doppler shift in its sound. But if you listen closely, you hear that the change in frequency is continuous; it does not suddenly go from one high frequency to another low frequency. Instead the frequency smoothly (but rather quickly) changes from high to low as the train passes. Why does this smooth change occur?
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