Chapter 2: Q4DQ (page 496)
The amplitude of a wave decreases gradually as the wave travels down a long, stretched string. What happens to the energy of the wave when this happens?
It will Decrease.
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Singing in the Shower. A pipe closed at both ends can have standing waves inside of it, but you normally don’t hear them because little of the sound can get out. But you can hear them if you are inside the pipe, such as someone singing in the shower. (a) Show that the wavelengths of standing waves in a pipe of length L that is closed at both ends are and the frequencies are given by , where n = 1, 2, 3, c.(b) Modelling it as a pipe, find the frequency of fundamental and the first two overtones for a shower 2.50 m tall. Are these frequencies audible?
Stars other than our sun normally appear featureless when viewed through telescopes. Yet astronomers can readily use the light from these stars to determine that they are rotating and even measure the speed of their surface. How do you think they can do this?
BIO The Human Voice. The human vocal tract is a pipe that extends about 17 cm from the lips to the vocal folds (also called “vocal cords”) near the middle of your throat. The vocal folds behave rather like the reed of a clarinet, and the vocal tract acts like a stopped pipe. Estimate the first three standing-wave frequencies of the vocal tract. Use v = 344 m/s. (The answers are only an estimate, since the position of lips and tongue affects the motion of air in the vocal tract.)
Two loudspeakers, A and B (see Fig. E16.35), are driven by the same amplifier and emit sinusoidal waves in phase. Speaker B is 2.00 m to the right of speaker A. The frequency of the sound waves produced by the loudspeakers is 206 Hz. Consider a point P between the speakers and along the line connecting them, a distance x to the right of A. Both speakers emit sound waves that travel directly from the speaker to point P. For what values of x will (a) destructive interference occur at P; (b) constructive interference occur at P? (c) Interference effects like those in parts (a) and (b) are almost never a factor in listening to home stereo equipment. Why not?
In a popular and amusing science demonstration, a person inhales helium and then his voice becomes high and squeaky. Why does this happen? (Warning: Inhaling too much helium can cause
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