Question

Determine the ground-state electron configuration of the neutral gallium atom (Ga) as well as the ions Ga+ and Ga-. Gallium has an atomic number of 31.

Short answer

The ground-state electron configuration of the neutral gallium atom (Ga) is $1{\mathrm{s}}^{2}2{\mathrm{s}}^{2}2{\mathrm{p}}^{6}3{\mathrm{s}}^{2}3{\mathrm{p}}^{6}4{\mathrm{s}}^{2}3{\mathrm{d}}^{1}04{\mathrm{p}}^1$.

Step-by-step solution

Definition of metal

The term metal may be defined the element have property of loss of electron.

Explain the reason

The electron configuration of neutral gallium atom is$1{\mathrm{s}}^{2}2{\mathrm{s}}^{2}2{\mathrm{p}}^{6}3{\mathrm{s}}^{2}3{\mathrm{p}}^{6}4{\mathrm{s}}^{2}3{\mathrm{d}}^{1}04{\mathrm{p}}^1$

The electron configuration of positive ion gallium atom is$1{\mathrm{s}}^{2}2{\mathrm{s}}^{2}2{\mathrm{p}}^{6}3{\mathrm{s}}^{2}3{\mathrm{p}}^{6}4{\mathrm{s}}^{2}3{\mathrm{d}}^{1}0$

The electron configuration of negative ion gallium atom is$1{\mathrm{s}}^{2}2{\mathrm{s}}^{2}2{\mathrm{p}}^{6}3{\mathrm{s}}^{2}3{\mathrm{p}}^{6}4{\mathrm{s}}^{2}3{\mathrm{d}}^{1}04{\mathrm{p}}^2$

Hence, the ground-state electron configuration of the neutral gallium atom (Ga) is $1{\mathrm{s}}^{2}2{\mathrm{s}}^{2}2{\mathrm{p}}^{6}3{\mathrm{s}}^{2}3{\mathrm{p}}^{6}4{\mathrm{s}}^{2}3{\mathrm{d}}^{1}04{\mathrm{p}}^1$.