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The wavelength 10.0 \(\mu\)m is in the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum, whereas 600 nm is in the visible region and 100 nm is in the ultraviolet. What is the temperature of an ideal blackbody for which the peak wavelength \(\lambda_m\) is equal to each of these wavelengths?

Short Answer

Expert verified
289.8 K, 4830 K, and 28980 K for 10.0 µm, 600 nm, and 100 nm, respectively.

Step by step solution

01

Understand the Problem

We need to calculate the temperature of an ideal blackbody for which its peak wavelength \( \lambda_m \) corresponds to specific given wavelengths: 10.0 \( \mu \)m, 600 nm, and 100 nm. These values indicate the type of electromagnetic region based on wavelength.
02

Recall Wien's Displacement Law

Wien's Displacement Law relates the temperature \( T \) of a blackbody to its peak wavelength \( \lambda_m \) using the formula: \( \lambda_m \cdot T = 2.898 \times 10^{-3} \text{ m K} \). We will use this formula to find \( T \) for each given wavelength.
03

Convert Units for Consistency

Before substituting the wavelength values into Wien's displacement law, convert them to meters: \(10.0 \mu m = 10.0 \times 10^{-6} \text{ m}, 600 \text{ nm} = 600 \times 10^{-9} \text{ m}, 100 \text{ nm} = 100 \times 10^{-9} \text{ m}.\)
04

Calculate Temperature for 10.0 µm

Using Wien's law, set \( \lambda_m = 10.0 \times 10^{-6} \text{ m} \): \[ T = \frac{2.898 \times 10^{-3}}{10.0 \times 10^{-6}} = 289.8 \text{ K}. \]
05

Calculate Temperature for 600 nm

With \( \lambda_m = 600 \times 10^{-9} \text{ m} \): \[ T = \frac{2.898 \times 10^{-3}}{600 \times 10^{-9}} = 4830 \text{ K}. \]
06

Calculate Temperature for 100 nm

For \( \lambda_m = 100 \times 10^{-9} \text{ m} \): \[ T = \frac{2.898 \times 10^{-3}}{100 \times 10^{-9}} = 28980 \text{ K}. \]
07

Conclusion

The corresponding temperatures are 289.8 K for 10.0 \( \mu \)m, 4830 K for 600 nm, and 28980 K for 100 nm.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

blackbody radiation
Blackbody radiation refers to the electromagnetic radiation emitted by an object that absorbs all radiation incident upon it, making it a perfect absorber. This type of emitter is also known as an ideal blackbody. Such objects do not reflect or transmit any radiation and instead, hold all energy within them, emitting a continuous spectrum that depends solely on their temperature.
Understanding blackbody radiation is crucial as it serves as a fundamental model for describing how objects emit thermal radiation. The energy emitted by a blackbody is distributed across various wavelengths, and the intensity depends on the temperature of the blackbody.
Scientists use blackbody radiation concepts to understand real-world objects like stars and planets, which approximate ideal blackbody behavior by emitting radiation based on their temperature. Even though real-world objects are not perfect blackbodies, they often exhibit behavior similar enough to make these concepts very useful in astrophysics and thermal physics.
electromagnetic spectrum
The electromagnetic spectrum encompasses all types of electromagnetic radiation, ranging from very low-energy radio waves to extremely high-energy gamma rays. Light, as we see it, is just a tiny part of this expansive spectrum.
Key regions of the electromagnetic spectrum include:
  • Radio waves
  • Microwaves
  • Infrared
  • Visible light
  • Ultraviolet
  • X-rays
  • Gamma rays
Each category within the spectrum is distinguished by its wavelength range. For instance, visible light comprises colors from violet (shortest wavelength) to red (longest wavelength).
Researchers across various fields, including astronomy and medicine, utilize different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum to explore the universe and diagnose health conditions, respectively. Understanding how each region of the spectrum behaves helps scientists unlock numerous practical applications.
peak wavelength
The peak wavelength is a critical concept in understanding blackbody radiation. It refers to the specific wavelength at which the emission of radiation from a blackbody is at its maximum.
According to Wien's Displacement Law, there's an inverse relationship between the temperature of a blackbody and its peak wavelength. This means that as the temperature of a blackbody increases, the peak wavelength, where the radiation is most intense, shifts to shorter values. This principle allows us to draw conclusions about the temperature of stars and other celestial bodies, simply by determining their peak wavelengths. Wien's Displacement Law is expressed mathematically as: \[ \lambda_m \cdot T = 2.898 \times 10^{-3} \text{ m K} \] where \( \lambda_m \) is the peak wavelength and \( T \) is the temperature of the blackbody.
infrared
Infrared radiation is a part of the electromagnetic spectrum with wavelengths longer than visible light but shorter than radio waves. Typically, infrared wavelengths range from about 700 nm to 1 mm.
Infrared radiation is not visible to the human eye but can be felt as heat. Objects emit infrared radiation as a function of their temperature, which makes this region valuable in understanding thermal characteristics of substances.
In everyday life, infrared is commonly used in:
  • Remote controls
  • Night-vision devices
  • Thermal imaging cameras
  • Infrared heaters
This radiation also plays an essential role in meteorology, astronomy, and medicine, such as spectroscopy, enhancing the understanding of both the Earth's atmosphere and distant celestial objects.
ultraviolet
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation consists of electromagnetic waves with wavelengths shorter than visible light, typically ranging from about 10 nm to 400 nm. UV radiation falls just beyond the violet end of the visible spectrum.
UV radiation is not visible to the naked eye, but it carries enough energy to cause chemical reactions, which makes it both useful and dangerous. For example, UV rays are crucial for synthesizing vitamin D in the skin, yet overexposure can result in skin damage and increase cancer risk.
Key uses of ultraviolet radiation include:
  • Sterilization and disinfection
  • Fluorescence studies in laboratory settings
  • Water purification
  • Studying the composition of stars and galaxies in astronomy
Understanding UV radiation helps scientists address health issues related to sun exposure and enhances our knowledge about interstellar matter.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

An electron has a de Broglie wavelength of 2.80 \(\times\) 10\(^{-10}\) m. Determine (a) the magnitude of its momentum and (b) its kinetic energy (in joules and in electron volts).

A sample of hydrogen atoms is irradiated with light with wavelength 85.5 nm, and electrons are observed leaving the gas. (a) If each hydrogen atom were initially in its ground level, what would be the maximum kinetic energy in electron volts of these photoelectrons? (b) A few electrons are detected with energies as much as 10.2 eV greater than the maximum kinetic energy calculated in part (a). How can this be?

An electron beam and a photon beam pass through identical slits. On a distant screen, the first dark fringe occurs at the same angle for both of the beams. The electron speeds are much slower than that of light. (a) Express the energy of a photon in terms of the kinetic energy \(K\) of one of the electrons. (b) Which is greater, the energy of a photon or the kinetic energy of an electron?

Consider a particle with mass m moving in a potential \(U = {1\over2} kx^2\), as in a mass-spring system. The total energy of the particle is \(E = (p^2/2m) + 12 kx^2\). Assume that \(p\) and \(x\) are approximately related by the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, so \(px \approx h\). (a) Calculate the minimum possible value of the energy \(E\), and the value of \(x\) that gives this minimum E. This lowest possible energy, which is not zero, is called the \(zero-point \space energy\). (b) For the \(x\) calculated in part (a), what is the ratio of the kinetic to the potential energy of the particle?

If your wavelength were 1.0 m, you would undergo considerable diffraction in moving through a doorway. (a) What must your speed be for you to have this wavelength? (Assume that your mass is 60.0 kg.) (b) At the speed calculated in part (a), how many years would it take you to move 0.80 m (one step)? Will you notice diffraction effects as you walk through doorways?

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