Chapter 19: Problem 10
Five moles of an ideal monatomic gas with an initial temperature of
127
Short Answer
Expert verified
The final temperature of the gas is 390.5 K.
Step by step solution
01
Convert Initial Temperature to Kelvin
The initial temperature of the gas is given as 127 C. To convert this to Kelvin, we add 273.15. Thus, .
02
Apply the First Law of Thermodynamics
The first law of thermodynamics is given by , where is the change in internal energy, is the heat absorbed, and is the work done by the system. Here, and . Thus, .
03
Relate Internal Energy Change to Temperature Change
For an ideal monatomic gas, the change in internal energy can also be expressed using , where is the number of moles and is the ideal gas constant .
04
Solve for Change in Temperature
Using , we have: Solve for :
05
Calculate the Final Temperature
Given and , the final temperature .
06
Convert Final Temperature to Celsius (if needed)
To convert the final temperature from Kelvin to Celsius:
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Key Concepts
These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.
first law of thermodynamics
The first law of thermodynamics is a fundamental principle that helps us understand energy changes within a system. It's closely related to the conservation of energy. The law states: , where:
is the change in internal energy of the system. is the heat transferred into the system (positive if absorbed). is the work done by the system on its surroundings (positive if the system does work).
internal energy
Internal energy is associated with the microscopic components of a system, like molecules and atoms in a gas. For an ideal monatomic gas, internal energy depends solely on its temperature and is given by: .
This equation links internal energy directly to the amount of heat added and the work performed. will result in a temperature change , calculated using . This relationship helps solve the problem by revealing the decrease in internal temperature based on the energy exchange.
This equation links internal energy directly to the amount of heat added and the work performed.
is the number of moles. is the ideal gas constant, . is the absolute temperature in Kelvin.
temperature conversion
Converting temperature from Celsius (°C) to Kelvin (K) is often necessary in thermodynamics. This conversion ensures that calculations align with related formulas that require absolute temperatures in Kelvin.
The conversion formula is straightforward: .
For this exercise:
The conversion formula is straightforward:
For this exercise:
- The initial temperature is 127°C. Add 273.15 to obtain 400.15 K.
- After calculations, the final temperature of 390.5 K can be converted back to Celsius for practical understanding if needed, using
. - This results in a final temperature of 117.35°C.
monatomic gas
Monatomic gases consist of individual atoms, like helium or neon, and have properties that simplify thermodynamics calculations. For a monatomic ideal gas, the internal energy and temperature are directly related.
- The equation
highlights this relationship. - These gases follow simple behavior due to their lack of molecular bonds, unlike diatomic or polyatomic gases.