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On the planet Arrakis a male ornithoid is flying toward his mate at 25.0 m/s while singing at a frequency of 1200 Hz. If the stationary female hears a tone of 1240 Hz, what is the speed of sound in the atmosphere of Arrakis?

Short Answer

Expert verified
The speed of sound in the atmosphere of Arrakis is 775 m/s.

Step by step solution

01

Understand the Doppler Effect Formula

The Doppler Effect formula for observed frequency when the source is moving towards a stationary observer is given by f=f(v+vo)vvs, where f is the observed frequency, f is the source frequency, v is the speed of sound, vo is the velocity of the observer (0 m/s in this case as the observer is stationary), and vs is the velocity of the source (25 m/s here).
02

Substitute Known Values

Substitute the given values into the formula: the observed frequency f=1240 Hz, the source frequency f=1200 Hz, and the velocity of the source vs=25 m/s. We will solve for v, the speed of sound. The equation becomes 1240=1200vv25.
03

Solve for Speed of Sound

Rearrange the equation to solve for v. Multiply both sides by v25 to eliminate the fraction: 1240(v25)=1200v. This simplifies to 1240v31000=1200v. Simplifying further, we get 40v=31000. Thus, v=3100040=775 m/s.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Observed Frequency
The observed frequency is the frequency of a wave as perceived by an observer. In the Doppler Effect scenario, this frequency changes depending on the motion of the source or the observer. Therefore, if the source is moving towards a stationary observer, the observed frequency will be higher than the source frequency.

In the exercise from Arrakis, the female ornithoid is stationary, and she perceives the frequency as 1240 Hz, which is higher than the source frequency of 1200 Hz. This increase demonstrates the principle that the frequency increases when the source approaches the observer. Understanding this principle helps in using the Doppler Effect effectively to calculate other parameters, like the speed of sound.
Source Frequency
The source frequency is the original frequency emitted by the source of a wave, without any alterations. In the Doppler Effect, this is the baseline frequency before any movement-related changes are accounted for.

In our scenario, the male ornithoid is producing a source frequency of 1200 Hz. This frequency is crucial to calculating the observed frequency once you include all parameters such as source speed and the speed of sound. It serves as one of the known variables to resolve the equation involved in analyzing the Doppler Effect.
  • Basic parameter needing no adjustments unless under influence.
  • Starting point for understanding Doppler Effect in motion scenarios.
Speed of Sound
The speed of sound is critical in understanding how frequencies shift with motion in the Doppler Effect. It refers to how fast sound waves propagate through a medium, impacting how quickly differences in frequency can be perceived.

In the exercise, we calculated the speed of sound on the planet Arrakis by rearranging and solving the Doppler Effect formula. By substituting the known observed frequency (1240 Hz) and source frequency (1200 Hz) with the source speed (25 m/s), we were able to determine that the speed of sound is 775 m/s. This step underlines the interdependence of frequency perceptions and sound speed in the medium where the sound travels.
Stationary Observer
A stationary observer does not move relative to the medium through which sound is propagating. In the Doppler Effect, this means any frequency change observed is solely due to the motion of the source.

The stationary observer in our problem is the female ornithoid. Her lack of motion simplifies the Doppler Effect formula, as the observer's velocity term ( $v_o)$ is zero. This stationary condition is essential for calculating the exact shift in observed frequency without additional variables. Understanding the role of a stationary observer is key to correctly applying the Doppler Effect to determine changes in perceived sound frequency.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Horseshoe bats (genus Rhinolophus) emit sounds from their nostrils and then listen to the frequency of the sound reflected from their prey to determine the prey's speed. (The "horseshoe" that gives the bat its name is a depression around the nostrils that acts like a focusing mirror, so that the bat emits sound in a narrow beam like a flashlight.) A Rhinolophus flying at speed vbat emits sound of frequency fbat; the sound it hears reflected from an insect flying toward it has a higher frequency frefl. (a) Show that the speed of the insect is vinsect=v[frefl(vvbat)fbat(v+vbat)frefl(vvbat)+fbat(v+vbat)] where v is the speed of sound. (b) If fbat= 80.7 kHz, frefl= 83.5 kHz, and vbat= 3.9 m/s, calculate the speed of the insect.

The Sacramento City Council adopted a law to reduce the allowed sound intensity level of the much-despised leaf blowers from their current level of about 95 dB to 70 dB. With the new law, what is the ratio of the new allowed intensity to the previously allowed intensity?

The frequency of the note F4 is 349 Hz. (a) If an organ pipe is open at one end and closed at the other, what length must it have for its fundamental mode to produce this note at 20.0C? (b) At what air temperature will the frequency be 370 Hz, corresponding to a rise in pitch from F to F-sharp? (Ignore the change in length of the pipe due to the temperature change.)

A long tube contains air at a pressure of 1.00 atm and a temperature of 77.0C. The tube is open at one end and closed at the other by a movable piston. A tuning fork that vibrates with a frequency of 500 Hz is placed near the open end. Resonance is produced when the piston is at distances 18.0 cm, 55.5 cm, and 93.0 cm from the open end. (a) From these values, what is the speed of sound in air at 77.0C? (b) From the result of part (a), what is the value of γ? (c) These results show that a displacement antinode is slightly outside the open end of the tube. How far outside is it?

A 2.00-MHz sound wave travels through a pregnant woman's abdomen and is reflected from the fetal heart wall of her unborn baby. The heart wall is moving toward the sound receiver as the heart beats. The reflected sound is then mixed with the transmitted sound, and 72 beats per second are detected. The speed of sound in body tissue is 1500 m/s. Calculate the speed of the fetal heart wall at the instant this measurement is made.

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