Warning: foreach() argument must be of type array|object, bool given in /var/www/html/web/app/themes/studypress-core-theme/template-parts/header/mobile-offcanvas.php on line 20

Transverse waves on a string have wave speed 8.00 m/s, amplitude 0.0700 m, and wavelength 0.320 m. The waves travel in the x-direction, and at t=0 the x=0 end of the string has its maximum upward displacement. (a) Find the frequency, period, and wave number of these waves. (b) Write a wave function describing the wave. (c) Find the transverse displacement of a particle at x=0.360 m at time t=0.150 s. (d) How much time must elapse from the instant in part (c) until the particle at x=0.360 m next has maximum upward displacement?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Frequency: 25 Hz, period: 0.04 s, wave number: 19.63 m⁻¹. Next max at 0.190 s.

Step by step solution

01

Calculate Wave Frequency

The wave speed v is related to the wavelength λ and frequency f by the formula:v=fλGiven the wave speed v=8.00 m/s and wavelength λ=0.320 m, we can solve for the frequency:f=vλ=8.000.320=25.0 Hz
02

Calculate Wave Period

The period T of a wave is the inverse of the frequency:T=1f=125.0=0.040 s
03

Calculate Wave Number

The wave number k is given by the formula:k=2πλSubstituting the known wavelength:k=2π0.32019.63 m1
04

Write the Wave Function

The general form of a wave traveling in the negative x-direction is:y(x,t)=Asin(kx+ωt+ϕ)where A=0.0700 m, ω=2πf=2π×25.0=50π rad/s, and the initial condition specifies maximum upward displacement at x=0 and t=0, so ϕ=π2 (since sine of π/2 gives maximum value). Thus the wave function becomes:y(x,t)=0.0700sin(19.63x+50πt+π2)
05

Find Transverse Displacement at Given Position and Time

Substitute x=0.360 m and t=0.150 s into the wave function:y(0.360,0.150)=0.0700sin(19.63×0.360+50π×0.150+π2)Calculating the argument:19.63×0.360+50π×0.150+π2=7.0676+23.5619+1.570832.2003 rady=0.0700sin(32.2003)0.026 m
06

Calculate Time for Next Maximum Displacement

The time interval Δt between successive maximum displacements is the period T, and the sine function reaches its maximum at one complete period later. Thus, from t=0.150 s, the next maximum displacement occurs at:tnext max=0.150+0.040=0.190 sTime elapsing from given time to next maximum:Δt=0.1900.150=0.040 s

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with Vaia!

Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Transverse Waves
Transverse waves are fascinating waves that move perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation. Imagine holding a rope and moving your hand up and down; the waves travel horizontally while the medium (rope) moves vertically.
This is exactly how transverse waves behave.
  • An example of transverse waves can be seen in water waves or electromagnetic waves.
  • In the context of waves on a string, the particles of the string move up and down as the wave travels along the string.
  • These waves are different from longitudinal waves where the movement of the medium is parallel to wave travel, like sound waves in air.
In our exercise, these transverse waves on the string have a specific wave speed, amplitude, and they travel in the opposite of the positive x-direction, or (-x)-direction, showcasing the versatile nature of how waves can move across mediums.
Wave Speed
Wave speed is a crucial aspect of understanding how fast a wave travels through a medium. It determines how quickly the wave displaces particles along its path.
To find wave speed in a real-world scenario, it's vital to understand the relationship between wave speed, frequency, and wavelength:
  • The formula to find wave speed is: v=fλWhere:
    • v is the wave speed.
    • f is the frequency, or the number of wave cycles per second.
    • λ is the wavelength, or the space between repeating units of wave pattern.
In the original problem, we found that the wave speed of the transverse wave on the string is 8.00 m/s. Knowing this makes it easier to calculate related properties like frequency and period using given physical quantities.
Wavelength
Wavelength is a measure of the distance between two identical phases of a wave, such as from crest to crest or trough to trough. It defines the length of a full wave cycle in a particular medium.
  • Physically, the wavelength can affect how waves interact with each other and with obstacles.
  • In our exercise, the given wavelength is 0.320 m, an important starting parameter. It helps us calculate other properties like the wave number.
  • The wavelength also impacts the wave speed and frequency, based on the formula v=fλ, showing that all these characteristics are intertwined.
By understanding the wavelength, we gain insight into how far a wave must travel before repeating itself, which is essential in wave physics applications.
Wave Function
A wave function is a mathematical description of the wave's oscillation in a medium as it travels. It provides a detailed explanation of displacement over time and space.
  • The general form of the wave function is: y(x,t)=Asin(kx+ωt+ϕ)where:
    • A is the amplitude, or maximum displacement.
    • k is the wave number, related to wavelength.
    • ω is the angular frequency, found from ω=2πf.
    • ϕ is the phase constant, accounting for initial displacement.
  • For our problem, the wave function quantifies how the wave travels in the negative x-direction: y(x,t)=0.0700sin(19.63x+50πt+π2)
  • By using the wave function, we can predict the position of any particle on the string at any time.
Understanding wave functions is fundamental in wave physics since they allow us to model and anticipate wave behaviors naturally observed or in laboratory settings.

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

A musician tunes the C-string of her instrument to a fundamental frequency of 65.4 Hz. The vibrating portion of the string is 0.600 m long and has a mass of 14.4 g. (a) With what tension must the musician stretch it? (b) What percent increase in tension is needed to increase the frequency from 65.4 Hz to 73.4 Hz, corresponding to a rise in pitch from C to D?

A sinusoidal transverse wave travels on a string. The string has length 8.00 m and mass 6.00 g. The wave speed is 30.0 m/s, and the wavelength is 0.200 m. (a) If the wave is to have an average power of 50.0 W, what must be the amplitude of the wave? (b) For this same string, if the amplitude and wavelength are the same as in part (a), what is the average power for the wave if the tension is increased such that the wave speed is doubled?

The wave function of a standing wave is y(x,t)=4.44mmsin[(32.5rad/m)x]sin[(754rad/s)t]. For the two traveling waves that make up this standing wave, find the (a) amplitude; (b) wavelength; (c) frequency; (d) wave speed; (e) wave functions. (f) From the information given, can you determine which harmonic this is? Explain.

The speed of sound in air at 20C is 344 m/s. (a) What is the wavelength of a sound wave with a frequency of 784 Hz, corresponding to the note G5 on a piano, and how many milliseconds does each vibration take? (b) What is the wavelength of a sound wave one octave higher (twice the frequency) than the note in part (a)?

A large rock that weighs 164.0 N is suspended from the lower end of a thin wire that is 3.00 m long. The density of the rock is 3200 kg/m3. The mass of the wire is small enough that its effect on the tension in the wire can be ignored. The upper end of the wire is held fixed. When the rock is in air, the fundamental frequency for transverse standing waves on the wire is 42.0 Hz. When the rock is totally submerged in a liquid, with the top of the rock just below the surface, the fundamental frequency for the wire is 28.0 Hz. What is the density of the liquid?

See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Physics Textbooks

View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.

Sign-up for free