Question

Portable electric heaters are commonly used to heat small rooms. Explain the energy transformation involved during this heating process.

Short answer

Question: Explain the energy transformation that occurs in portable electric heaters. Answer: In portable electric heaters, the energy transformation involves the conversion of electrical energy into thermal energy. This transformation occurs through Joule heating or resistive heating, where the electrical energy flows through the high resistance heating element and generates heat. The heat is then distributed throughout the room, increasing its temperature, through processes like conduction, convection, or radiation.

Step-by-step solution

Identify the energy types involved

In the case of portable electric heaters, there are two main types of energy involved: electrical energy and thermal energy. Electrical energy is supplied by the power source, such as an electric socket or battery, while thermal energy is the heat produced by the heater.

Describe electrical energy

Electrical energy can be defined as the energy that results from the existence of charged particles, such as electrons. In our case, this energy is provided by the electric socket or battery. The flow of these charged particles through a wire or conductive material results in the movement of electrical energy.

Explain the transformation from electrical energy to thermal energy

When the portable heater is switched on, the electrical energy is directed through the heating element, which is usually made up of a high resistance material like a metal coil or ceramic component. As the electrical energy flows through the heating element, its resistance causes the electrical energy to be converted into thermal energy or heat. This phenomenon is called Joule heating or resistive heating.

Describe the heat distribution

Once the electrical energy has been converted into thermal energy, it warms up the surrounding air, thus increasing the temperature of the room. This can occur through conduction, convection, or radiation. In some portable heaters, a fan is used to distribute the heat more evenly, speeding up the heating process in the room.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the energy transformation involved in the heating process of portable electric heaters is the conversion of electrical energy into thermal energy. This occurs through Joule heating in the heating element, where the flow of charged particles (electricity) encounters resistance, generating heat. Ultimately, this heat is distributed throughout the room to warm the space.