Chapter 1: Problem 37
The flash point of an engine oil is \(363^{\circ} \mathrm{F}\). What is the absolute flash-point temperature in \(\mathrm{K}\) and \(\mathrm{R}\) ?
Short Answer
Expert verified
Answer: _ _ _ K and _ _ _ R
Step by step solution
01
Convert Fahrenheit to Celsius
To convert the flash point temperature from Fahrenheit to Celsius, use the formula:
\(C = \frac{5}{9}(F - 32)\)
Plug in the given temperature in Fahrenheit, \(F=363^{\circ}\mathrm{F}\):
\(C = \frac{5}{9}(363 - 32)\)
Now, calculate the temperature in Celsius.
02
Convert Celsius to Kelvin
To convert the flash point temperature from Celsius to Kelvin, use the formula:
\(K = C + 273.15\)
Plug in the calculated temperature in Celsius into this formula and find the temperature in Kelvin.
03
Convert Fahrenheit to Rankine
To convert the flash point temperature from Fahrenheit to Rankine, use the formula:
\(R = F + 459.67\)
Plug in the given temperature in Fahrenheit, \(F=363^{\circ}\mathrm{F}\), into this formula and find the temperature in Rankine.
04
Report the absolute flash-point temperatures
Finally, report the flash-point temperatures in Kelvin and Rankine scales using the results obtained in Steps 2 and 3.
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Key Concepts
These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.
Flash Point Temperature
The term 'flash point temperature' refers to the lowest temperature at which a liquid can form an ignitable mixture in air near the surface of the liquid. This is a crucial concept in safety regulations for storage and use of volatile substances because it indicates how easily a chemical can become a fire hazard.
When measuring the flash point of a substance, like engine oil in the exercise, we must understand that this point is not the temperature at which the liquid boils, but the temperature at which it can produce enough vapor to ignite. This property is unique to each substance and can be affected by pressure and contaminants in the liquid.
In the context of thermodynamics, the flash point marks a boundary between a fuel being in a safe state and one in which precautions must be taken to prevent ignition. Because temperature can be measured on different scales, converting flash point temperatures between those scales is often necessary in practice.
When measuring the flash point of a substance, like engine oil in the exercise, we must understand that this point is not the temperature at which the liquid boils, but the temperature at which it can produce enough vapor to ignite. This property is unique to each substance and can be affected by pressure and contaminants in the liquid.
In the context of thermodynamics, the flash point marks a boundary between a fuel being in a safe state and one in which precautions must be taken to prevent ignition. Because temperature can be measured on different scales, converting flash point temperatures between those scales is often necessary in practice.
Fahrenheit to Celsius Conversion
The Fahrenheit to Celsius conversion is a basic yet critical skill in many scientific and engineering fields. To convert temperature from Fahrenheit (\textdegree F) to Celsius (\textdegree C), one can use the formula:
\[ C = \frac{5}{9}(F - 32) \]
The process involves subtracting 32 from the Fahrenheit value, multiplying the result by 5/9 to adjust for the scale difference between the Celsius and Fahrenheit temperature scales. For example, the exercise starts with the temperature of the engine oil's flash point at 363\textdegree F; to find the equivalent in Celsius, one would calculate:
\[ C = \frac{5}{9}(363 - 32) \]
Understanding this conversion is essential not only for scientific purposes but also for daily life applications in countries that use Celsius as their standard unit for temperature.
\[ C = \frac{5}{9}(F - 32) \]
The process involves subtracting 32 from the Fahrenheit value, multiplying the result by 5/9 to adjust for the scale difference between the Celsius and Fahrenheit temperature scales. For example, the exercise starts with the temperature of the engine oil's flash point at 363\textdegree F; to find the equivalent in Celsius, one would calculate:
\[ C = \frac{5}{9}(363 - 32) \]
Understanding this conversion is essential not only for scientific purposes but also for daily life applications in countries that use Celsius as their standard unit for temperature.
Celsius to Kelvin Conversion
When converting temperatures from Celsius (\textdegree C) to Kelvin (K), it is important to grasp that these two units are part of the international system of units (SI) and the Kelvin is the base unit for temperature. Unlike the Fahrenheit and Celsius scales where temperatures can be below zero, the Kelvin scale has no negative values because it starts at absolute zero, the theoretical point where particles have minimum thermal motion.
The conversion formula is as follows:
\[ K = C + 273.15 \]
This equation highlights that Kelvin and Celsius scales are offset by 273.15 degrees. Celsius degrees are the same 'size' as Kelvin degrees, so converting involves a simple addition. For example, after converting 363\textdegree F to Celsius in the exercise, you add 273.15 to find the Kelvin temperature, representative of the absolute temperature.
The conversion formula is as follows:
\[ K = C + 273.15 \]
This equation highlights that Kelvin and Celsius scales are offset by 273.15 degrees. Celsius degrees are the same 'size' as Kelvin degrees, so converting involves a simple addition. For example, after converting 363\textdegree F to Celsius in the exercise, you add 273.15 to find the Kelvin temperature, representative of the absolute temperature.
Fahrenheit to Rankine Conversion
The Fahrenheit to Rankine conversion is commonly used in engineering fields, especially in the United States where the Fahrenheit scale is often used. Rankine (R) is similar to Kelvin in that it starts at absolute zero, but it uses the same degree size as Fahrenheit, ensuring a direct relationship between the two.
To convert from Fahrenheit to Rankine, the following formula is employed:
\[ R = F + 459.67 \]
So, when given a temperature in Fahrenheit, like the 363\textdegree F flash point temperature from the exercise, you simply add 459.67 to obtain the temperature in Rankine:
\[ R = 363 + 459.67 \]
Rankine is particularly useful when dealing with thermodynamic equations that require absolute temperatures in non-metric units. Thus, for disciplines involving thermal sciences and engineering in countries using Fahrenheit, understanding Rankine conversions is necessary.
To convert from Fahrenheit to Rankine, the following formula is employed:
\[ R = F + 459.67 \]
So, when given a temperature in Fahrenheit, like the 363\textdegree F flash point temperature from the exercise, you simply add 459.67 to obtain the temperature in Rankine:
\[ R = 363 + 459.67 \]
Rankine is particularly useful when dealing with thermodynamic equations that require absolute temperatures in non-metric units. Thus, for disciplines involving thermal sciences and engineering in countries using Fahrenheit, understanding Rankine conversions is necessary.
