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Chapter 15: 13Q (page 412)


Question:Think up several processes (other than those already mentioned) that would obey the first law of thermodynamics, but, if they actually occurred, would violate the second law?

Short Answer

Expert verified

(1) The water on the footway combines into small droplets, which are compelled to move upward and rise into the air.

(2) A soccer ball in the field collects some energy from its surroundings and initiates to roll.

(3) A cup of tea warms by taking thermal energy from the air molecules around its surrounding.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding the first law of thermodynamics 

According to the first law of thermodynamics, any thermodynamic process is subjected to the principle of conservation of energy, which indicates that energy cannot be produced or demolished.

02

Determining several processes that would obey the first law of thermodynamics and violate the second law of thermodynamics when taking place

The following are some processes that will obey the first law and violate the second law if they occur.

(1) The water on the footway combines into small droplets, which are compelled to move upward and rise into the air.

(2) A soccer ball in the field collects some energy from its surroundings and initiates to roll.

(3) A cup of tea warms by taking thermal energy from the air molecules around its surrounding.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Question: An ideal heat pump is used to maintain the inside temperature of a house at \({T_{{\rm{in}}}} = 22{\rm{^\circ C}}\) when the outside temperature is \({T_{{\rm{out}}}}\). Assume that when it is operating, the heat pump does work at a rate of 1500 W. Also assume that the house loses heat via conduction through its walls and other surfaces at a rate given by \(\left( {650\;{{\rm{W}} \mathord{\left/

{\vphantom {{\rm{W}} {{\rm{^\circ C}}}}} \right.} {{\rm{^\circ C}}}}} \right)\left( {{T_{{\rm{in}}}} - {T_{{\rm{out}}}}} \right)\). (a) For what outside temperature would the heat pump have to operate all the time in order to maintain the house at an inside temperature of 22°C? (b) If the outside temperature is 8°C, what percentage of the time does the heat pump have to operate in order to maintain the house at an inside temperature of 22°C?

Question: (II) A 65-kg person decides to lose weight by sleeping one hour less per day, using the time for light activity. How much weight (or mass) can this person expect to lose in 1 year, assuming no change in food intake? Assume that 1 kg of fat stores about 40,000 kJ of energy.

Question: Which is possible: converting (i) 100 J of work entirely into 100 J of heat, (ii) 100 J of heat entirely into 100 J of work?

(a) Only (i) is possible.

(b) Only (ii) is possible.

(c) Both (i) and (ii) are possible.

(d) Neither (i) nor (ii) is possible.


Question:The first law of thermodynamics is sometimes whimsically stated as, “You can’t get something for nothing,” and the second law as, “You can’t even break even.” Explain how these statements could be equivalent to the formal statements.

Question: An ideal gas undergoes an isobaric compression and then an isovolumetric process that brings it back to its initial temperature. Had the gas undergone one isothermal process instead,

(a) the work done on the gas would be the same.

(b) the work done on the gas would be less.

(c) the work done on the gas would be greater.

(d) Need to know the temperature of the isothermal process.
See all solutions

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