Warning: foreach() argument must be of type array|object, bool given in /var/www/html/web/app/themes/studypress-core-theme/template-parts/header/mobile-offcanvas.php on line 20

Question 39:(I) How many moles of water are there in 1.000 L at STP? How many molecules?

Short Answer

Expert verified

In1.00 Lof water at STP, there are 55.55 moles and \(3.34 \times {10^{25}}\;{\rm{molecules}}\).

Step by step solution

01

Step 1:Ideal gas law in terms of molecules 

The ideal gas law gives the relation between the pressure (P), volume (V), and temperature (T) of n moles of the ideal gas by the following expression:

\(PV = nRT\)

Here, R is the universal gas constant.

In terms of the number of molecules (N) of the gas, the ideal gas law is written as

\(PV = \frac{N}{{{N_{\rm{A}}}}}RT\).

Here, \({N_{\rm{A}}}\)is the number of molecules in one mole of the substance and is known as Avogadro’s number. Its value is\(6.02 \times {10^{23}}\).

02

Given information 

The volume of water is \(V = 1.00\;{\rm{L}} = 1.00 \times {10^{ - 3}}\;{{\rm{m}}^{\rm{3}}}\)

The density of water is \(\rho = 1.00 \times {10^3}\;{\rm{kg/}}{{\rm{m}}^3}\)

03

Determination of the mass of water 

The mass of the given amount of water is\(M = \rho \times V\).

Substitute the values in the above equation.

\(\begin{array}{c}M = \left( {1.00 \times {{10}^3}\;{\rm{kg/}}{{\rm{m}}^3}} \right) \times \left( {1.00 \times {{10}^{ - 3}}\;{{\rm{m}}^{\rm{3}}}} \right)\\ = 1.00\;{\rm{kg}}\end{array}\)

04

Determination of the number of moles of water

One molecule of water contains two atoms of oxygen and one atom of hydrogen. Thus, the molecular mass of one water molecule is

\(\begin{array}{c}{M_0} = \left( {2 \times 1} \right) + \left( {16} \right)\\ = 18\;{\rm{g}}\\ = 18 \times {10^{ - 3}}\;{\rm{kg}}{\rm{.}}\end{array}\)

The number of moles of water is equal to itsmass divided by its molecular mass, i.e.,

\(\begin{array}{c}n = \frac{M}{{{M_0}}}\\ = \frac{{1.00\;{\rm{kg}}}}{{18 \times {{10}^{ - 3}}\;{\rm{kg}}}}\\ = 55.55.\end{array}\)

Thus, there are 55.55 moles in 1.00 L of water.

05

Determination of the number of molecules of water 

The number of molecules in 1.00 L of water is

\(\begin{array}{c}n = \frac{N}{{{N_{\rm{A}}}}}\\N = n{N_{\rm{A}}}.\end{array}\)

Substitute the values in the above equation.

\(\begin{array}{c}N = 55.55 \times 6.02 \times {10^{23}}\;{\rm{molecules}}\\ = 334.41 \times {10^{23}}\;{\rm{molecules}}\\ = 3.34 \times {10^{25}}\;{\rm{molecules}}\end{array}\)

Thus, there are \(3.34 \times {10^{25}}\;{\rm{molecules}}\) in 1.00 L of water at STP.

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with Vaia!

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

(II) To make a secure fit, rivets that are larger than the rivet hole are often used and the rivet is cooled (usually in dry ice) before it is placed in the hole. A steel rivet 1.872 cm in diameter is to be placed in a hole 1.870 cm in diameter in a metal at 22°C. To what temperature must the rivet be cooled if it is to fit in the hole?

(II) You buy an “airtight” bag of potato chips packaged at sea level and take the chips on an airplane flight. When you take the potato chips out of your “carry-on”bag, you notice it has noticeably “puffed up.” Airplane cabins are typically pressurized at 0.75 atm, and assuming the temperature inside an airplane is about the same as inside a potato chip processing plant, by what percentage has the bag “puffed up” in comparison to when it was packaged?

Question: (II)Two isotopes of uranium,\({}^{{\bf{235}}}{\bf{U}}\)and\({}^{{\bf{238}}}{\bf{U}}\)(the superscripts refer to their atomic masses), can be separated by a gas diffusion process by combining them with fluorine to make the gaseous compound\({\bf{U}}{{\bf{F}}_{\bf{6}}}\). Calculate the ratio of the rms speeds of these molecules for the two isotopes, at constant T. Use Appendix B for masses.

Question: Name several properties of materials that could be used to make a thermometer.

Question 41:(II) The lowest attainablepressure using the best available vacuum techniques is about \({\bf{1}}{{\bf{0}}^{{\bf{ - 12}}}}\;{\bf{N/}}{{\bf{m}}^{\bf{2}}}\). At such a pressure, how many molecules are there per cm3 at 0°C?

See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Physics Textbooks

View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.

Sign-up for free