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An electric field can induce an electric dipole in a neutral atom or molecule by pushing the positive and negative charges in opposite directions. The dipole moment of an induced dipole is directly proportional to the electric field. That is, p=αE, where αis called the polarizability of the molecule. A bigger field stretches the molecule farther and causes a larger dipole moment.

a. What are the units of α?

b. An ion with charge qis distancerfrom a molecule with polarizability α. Find an expression for the force Fionondipole.

Short Answer

Expert verified

a. The units of αis(C)2×(s)2kg

b. The required expression is :Fionondipole=[2α×(k)2×(q)2]r5

Step by step solution

01

Given information and formula 

Given :

The dipole moment of an induced dipole is directly proportional to the electric field. That is :p=αE

A bigger field stretches the molecule farther and causes a larger dipole moment.

Theory used :

Unit of Dipole moment is coulomb-meter

Unit of Electric field ismkgs3A1

02

Calculating units of α and expression for Force of ion on dipole

Solving p=αEfor units of α:

localid="1649133782229" p=αEα=pE=(C)2×(s)2kg

On a dipole, the ion's force Fis:

localid="1649133791721" F=[2α×(k)2×(q)2]r5

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