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Chapter 21: Q. 4 (page 570)

FIGURE Q21.4 shows the pV diagram of a heat engine. During which stage or stages is (a) heat added to the gas,(b) heat removed from the gas, (c) work done on the gas, and (d) work done by the gas?

Short Answer

Expert verified

(a) Heat added to gas $1$

(b) Heat removed from gas $3$

(c) Work done on gas $3$

(d) Work done by gas $2$

Step by step solution

01

Step :1 Introduction

A heat engine is a device that turns heat into work by extracting heat from a reservoir (hot body) and using it to perform some task. A small amount of heat is ejected into the sink (cold body). There will be some waste in the form of heat with this system. There are various types of heat engines, with the Carnot engine having the highest efficiency.

02

Step :2 Explanation

Stage 1: Fixed volume but temperature increases, hence heat is added.

Stage 2: Isothermal process

Stage 3: Heat is removed by doing work on the gas.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

A heat engine does $10 J$ of work and exhausts $15 J$ of waste heat during each cycle.

a. What is the engine's thermal efficiency?

b. If the cold-reservoir temperature is $20 ° C$ , what is the minimum possible temperature in ${}^{\circ}C$ of the hot reservoir?

FIGURE CP $21.70$ shows two insulated compartments separated by a thin wall. The left side contains $0.060 mol$ of helium at an initial temperature of $600 K$ and the right side contains $0.030 mol$ of helium at an initial temperature of $300 K$ . The compartment on the right is attached to a vertical cylinder, above which the air pressure is $1.0 atm$ . A $10 - cm$ -diameter, $2.0 kg$ piston can slide without friction up and down the cylinder. Neither the cylinder diameter nor the volumes of the compartments are known.

a. What is the final temperature?

b. How much heat is transferred from the left side to the right side?

c. How high is the piston lifted due to this heat transfer?

d. What fraction of the heat is converted into work?

The coefficient of performance of a refrigerator is $6.0$ . The refrigerator's compressor uses $115 W$ of electric power and is $95 %$ efficient at converting electric power into work. What are (a) the rate at which heat energy is removed from inside the refrigerator and (b) the rate at which heat energy is exhausted into the room?

$F i g u r e P 21.46$ shows a Carnot heat engine driving a Carnot refrigerator.

a. Determine $Q_{2}, Q_{3}$ and $Q_{4}$ .

b. Is $Q_{3}$ greater than, less than, or equal to $Q_{1}$ ?

c. Do these two devices, when operated together in this way, violate the second law?

A heat engine satisfies $W_{o u t} = Q_{o u t}$ Why is there no $Δ E_{th}$ term in this relationship?

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