Chapter 8: Q8CQ (page 338)
Imagine two indistinguishable particles that share an attraction. All other things being equal, would you expect their multiparticle spatial state to be symmetric, ant symmetric, or neither? Explain.
The particles are in close proximity and are represented by a symmetry function.
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Question: As the 2p levels fill from Z = 5 to 10 the element's first ionization energies tend to increase. But as the figure below clearly indicates it is slightly easier to remove an electron from Z = 8 oxygen than from Z = 7 nitrogen. What might explain this?
(a) Show that, taking into account the possible z-components of J, there are a total of 12 L S coupled states corresponding to 1 s 2 p in Table 8.3.
(b) Show that this is the same number of states available to two electrons occupying 1 s and 2 p if LS coupling were ignored.
Question: Early on, the lanthanides were found to be quite uncooperative when attempts were made to chemically separate them from one another. One reason can be seen in Figure 8.16. Explain.
The radius of cesium is roughly.
(a) From this estimate the effective charge its valence electron orbits
(b) Given the nature of the electron's orbit. is this effective nuclearcharge reasonable?
(c) Compare this effective Zwith that obtained for sodium in Example 8.3. Are the values at odds with the evidence given in Figurethat it takes less energy to remove an electron from cesium than from sodium? Explain.
To determine the value of Z at which the relativistic effects might affect energies and whether it applies to all orbiting electrons or to some more than others, also guess if it is acceptable to combine quantum mechanical results.
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