Question

Sketch an energy-versus-position diagram. Complementary to Figure 10.4, showing valence hole motion a conduction electron participation in an operating pnp transistor.

Short answer

The following sketch shows the movement of the electrons and holes.

Step-by-step solution

Given data

Electrons have energy.

Definition of electron

A subatomic particle with a negative charge is called an electron. It can either be free (not attached to any atoms) or bonded to an atom's nucleus. Atomic electrons are organised into spherical shells with different radii to represent different energy levels.

The energy held within an electron increases with the size of the spherical shell.

Draw the Energy versus Position Diagram

The following sketch shows the movement of the electrons and holes.

As we can see, most of the holes float upward and goes to the collector, only a small fraction will combine with electrons in the base and goes back to the emitter input circuit.