Chapter 1: Q57P (page 42)
What is the velocity of a 3 kg object when its momentum is ?
Answer:
The velocity of given object is .
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A tennis ball of mass m travelling with velocity (vx, 0,0) hits a ball and rebounds with velocity (–vx,0,0).
(a) what was the change in momentum of the tennis ball?
(b) What was the change in magnitude of the momentum of the tennis ball?
(a) Which of the following do you see moving with constant velocity? (1) A ship sailing northeast at a speed of 5 meters per second (2) The Moon orbiting the Earth (3) A tennis ball traveling across the court after having been hit by a tennis racket (4) A can of soda sitting on a table (5) A person riding on a Ferris wheel that is turning at a constant rate. (b) In which of the following situations is there observational evidence for significant interaction between two objects? How can you tell? (1) A ball bounces off a wall with no change in speed. (2) A baseball that was hit by a batter flies toward the outfield. (3) A communications satellite orbits the Earth. (4) A space probe travels at constant speed toward a distant star. (5) A charged particle leaves a curving track in a particle detector.
Why do we use a spaceship in outer space, far from other objects, to illustrate Newton's first law? Why not a car or a train? (More than one of the following statements may be correct.) (1) A car or train touches other objects, and interacts with them. (2) A car or train can't travel fast enough. (3) The spaceship has negligible interactions with other objects. (4) A car or train interacts gravitationally with the Earth. (5) A spaceship can never experience a gravitational force.
In which of these situations is it reasonable to use the approximate equation for the momentum of an object, instead of the full relativistically correct equation? (1) A car traveling on an interstate highway (2) A commercial jet airliner flying between New York and Seattle (3) A neutron traveling at 2700 meters per second (4) A proton in outer space traveling at m/s (5) An electron in a television tube traveling m/s.
Figure 1.60 shows the trajectory of a ball travelling through the air, affected by both gravity and air resistance.
Here are the positions of the ball at several successive times.
Location | t(s) | Position ( m) |
A | 0.0 | (0,0,0) |
B | 1.0 | (22.3,26.1,0) |
C | 2.0 | (40.1,38.1,0) |
a) What is the average velocity of the ball as it travels between location A and location B? b) If the ball continued to travel at the same average velocity during the next second, where would it be at the end of that second? (That is, where would it be at time t=2s )c) How does your prediction from part b) compare to the actual position of the ball at t=2s(location C)? If the predicted and the observed location of the ball are different, explain why?
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