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Chapter 14: Q29P (page 580)

Which of the following could be reasonable explanations for how a piece of invisible tape gets charged? Select all that apply. (1) Protons are pulled out of nuclei in one tape and transferred to another tape. (2) Charged molecular fragments are broken off one tape and transferred to another. (3) Electrons are pulled out of molecules in one tape and transferred to another tape. (4) Neutrons are pulled out of nuclei in one tape and transferred to another tape.

Short Answer

Expert verified

2 and 3.

Step by step solution

01

Significance of the electric field for the invisible tape

The electric field is referred to as a type of electric property that is associated with different points in the space when the charge is present in different forms.

The electric field gives the reason for which the piece of the invisible tape gets charged.

02

Determination of the reason for which the invisible tape gets charged

As the electrons get transferred from one material to a different material, then as the valence shell’s electron of an object is loosely attached, then the shell is being completed by the electrons of other material. Hence, this is the way in which the electrons transfer.

Point 1 states that proton neutrons are being pulled out from the tape. However, this point is incorrect as a massive amount of energy is needed to pull out the proton and a tape cannot do it.

Points 4 states that the neutrons are being pulled out from the tape. However, this point is incorrect as a massive amount of energy is needed to pull out the neutron and a tape cannot do it.

Point 2 states that the charged molecular fragments are broken off one tape and transferred to another. This point is correct as it is easier to break the chemical bonding of the tape that requires less amount of energy which can be possible to charge a tape.

Point 3 directly resembles the above explanation as the electrons can be pulled out from the tape as less amount of energy is needed to pull them out from the tape. Moreover, the energy to pull out the electrons can be obtained only by rubbing the tapes.

Thus, points 2 and 3 are the reasonable explanation for how a piece of invisible tape gets charged.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Which statements about a neutral atom are correct? Select all that apply. (1) A neutral atom is composed of positively and negatively charged particles. (2) The positively charged particles in the nucleus are positrons. (3) The electrons are attracted to the positively charged nucleus. (4) Positively charged protons are located in the tiny, massive nucleus. (5) The radius of the electron cloud is twice as large as the radius of the nucleus. (6) The negatively charged electrons are spread out in a "cloud" around the nucleus.

Try rubbing a plastic pen through your hair, and you’ll find that you can pick up a tiny scrap of paper when the pen is about one centimeter above the paper. From this simple experiment you can estimate how much an atom in the paper is polarized by the pen! You will need to make several assumptions and approximations. Hints may be found at the end of the chapter. (a) Suppose that the center of the outer electron cloud (q=-4e) of a carbon atom shifts a distance s when the atom is polarized by the pen. Calculate s algebraically in terms of the charge Q on the pen. (b) Assume that the pen carries about as much charge Q as we typically find on a piece of charged invisible tape. Evaluate s numerically. How does this compare with the size of an atom or a nucleus? (c) Calculate the polarizability αof a carbon atom. Compare your answer to the measured value of 1.96×10-40C.m/(N/C)(T. M. Miller and B. Bederson, “Atomic and molecular polarizabilities: a review of recent advances,” Advances in Atomic and Molecular Physics, 13, 1–55, 1977).(d) Carefully list all assumptions and approximations.

Here is a variant of “charging by induction.” Place two uncharged metal objects so as to touch each other, one behind the other. Call them front object and back object. While you hold a charged comb in front of the front object, your partner moves away the back object (handling it through an insulator so as not to discharge it). Now you move the comb away. Explain this process. Use only labeled diagrams in your explanation (no prose!).

A carbon atom is composed of 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons. What is the net charge of this atom? A neutral chlorine atom contains 17 protons and 17 electrons. When a chlorine atom gains one extra electron, it becomes a chloride ion. What is the net charge of a chloride ion?

Is the following statement true or false? If true, what principle makes it true? If false, give a counterexample or say why. See Figure 14.67.

“The electric field Epointat the center of an induced dipole, due to the point charge, is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the electric field Edipoleat the location of the point charge, due to the induced dipole.”
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