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The transition from laminar flow to turbulent flow in a forced convection situation is determined by which one of the following dimensionless numbers? (a) Grasshof (b) Nusselt (c) Reynolds (d) Stanton (e) Mach

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number (Re)

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01

Define the given dimensionless numbers

(a) Grasshof number (Gr) - Represents the ratio of buoyancy forces to viscous forces in a fluid flow. It is commonly used in natural convection problems. (b) Nusselt number (Nu) - Represents the ratio of convective to conductive heat transfer across the boundary of a fluid flow. It is used to determine the efficiency of heat transfer in a convection situation. (c) Reynolds number (Re) - Represents the ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces in a fluid flow. It is used to predict the onset of turbulence in forced convection situations. (d) Stanton number (St) - Represents the ratio of heat transferred to the fluid to the thermal capacity of the fluid. It is used to describe heat transfer coefficients in forced convection cases. (e) Mach number (Ma) - Represents the ratio of the speed of an object in a fluid to the speed of sound in that fluid. It is used to determine the compressibility effects of the fluid flow.
02

Identify the correct dimensionless number

Since we are looking for the dimensionless number that determines the transition from laminar flow to turbulent flow in forced convection situations, the correct answer is (c) Reynolds number. The Reynolds number helps predict when turbulence occurs, as the inertial (motion-dependent) forces begin to dominate over the viscous (resistance to motion) forces in the fluid. Answer: (c) Reynolds

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