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Figure 29-89 is an idealized schematic drawing of a rail gun. Projectile Psits between two wide rails of circular cross section; a source of current sends current through the rails and through the(conducting) projectile (a fuse is not used). (a) Let wbe the distance between the rails, Rthe radius of each rail, and i the current. Show that the force on the projectile is directed to the right along the rails and is given approximately byF=i2μ02π·ln(w+RR)

(b) If the projectile starts from the left end of the rails at rest, find the speed vat which it is expelled at the right. Assume that I = 450 kA, w = 12 mm, R = 6.7 cm, L = 4.0 m, and the projectile mass is 10 g.

Short Answer

Expert verified
  1. Force on the projectile is,F=i2μ02π·lnw+RRi^
  2. Speed of the projectile is,vfinal=2.3×103m/s

Step by step solution

01

Step 1: Identification of the given data

  1. Radius of circular cross-section of the rail is,R=6.7cm=6.7×10-2m.
  2. Distance between the rails is,w=12.0mm=12×10-3m.
  3. Length of the rail is,L=4.0m.
  4. Current through the rail is,i=450×103A.
  5. Mass of the projectile is, m=10g=10×10-3kg.
02

Understanding the concept

As the projectile is moving in the presence of magnetic field due to the two rails (1 and 2), it is also carrying current. So small current element of projectile will experience force due to both rails.Net force on current element (idl) will be the vector sum of individual forces due to rail 1 and 2.

Formula:

  1. Force acing on current element kept in magnetic field,dF=i(dl×B)
  2. Magnetic field due to long wire carrying current i, at distance r is
03

(a) Calculate force on the projectile

Consider a portion of projectile betweeny&y+dy .We can find magnetic force on this segment due to both rails (1 and 2)

The net force on the segment isF=dF1+dF2, wheredF1 anddF2 are the forces on portion of projectile due to rail 1 and 2 respectively.

dF=dF1+dF2=i(dl×B1)+i(dl×B2)

We can findB field due to rail 1 at distance(2R+wy) from the center of rail 1.We can use Ampere law for this, then we get

B1=μ0i2π(2R+wy)(k^)

Similarly, B field due to rail 2 at distanceyfrom the center of rail 2, is

B2=μ0i2πy(k^)

And dl=dyj^using this we get

dF=dF1+dF2dF=i(dy(j^)×μ0i2π(2R+wy)(k^))+idy(j^)×μ0i2πy(k^)

By using cross product rule j^×k^=i^

dF=ii^μ0idy2π(2R+wy))+i^μ0idy2πydF=idyμ0i2π(2R+wy)+μ0i2πyi^

Total force is obtained by integratingdFoverdy

role="math" localid="1664355361241" F=RR+wdF=RR+widyμ0i2π(2R+wy)+μ0i2πyi^F=RR+wμ0i22πdy(2R+wy)+dyyi^=μ0i22πi^RR+wdy(2R+wy)+dyy

" width="9" height="19" role="math">F=i2μ02πlnw+RRi^

Hence the force on the projectile is,role="math" localid="1664355437114" F=i2μ02πlnw+RRi^

04

(b) Calculate speed of the projectile

To find the speed of projectile we can use work energy theorem

dFdx=dk=12mvfinal2

w=dw=Fdx=0Ldxi2μ02πlnw+RRi^i^w=i2μ02πlnw+RRL

12mvfinal2=w.

Which gives,

vfinal=2wm=2mi2μ02πlnw+RRL1/2vfinal=4mi2μ04πlnw+RRL1/2

Substitute all the value in the above equation.

vfinal=4×(4π×107 Tm/A)×(450×103 A)24π×10×103 kg×4 m×ln(6.7 cm+1.2 cm6.7 cm)12=2.3×103 m/s

Hence the speed of the projectile is,vfinal=2.3×103 m/s

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