Chapter 35: Q5P (page 1074)
How much faster, in meters per second, does light travel in sapphire than in diamond? See Table 33-1.
The difference in speed is .
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In Fig. 35-45, a broad beam of light of wavelength 620 nm is sent directly downward through the top plate of a pair of glass plates touching at the left end. The air between the plates acts as a thin film, and an interference pattern can be seen from above the plates. Initially, a dark fringe lies at the left end, a bright fringe lies at the right end, and nine dark fringes lie between those two end fringes. The plates are then very gradually squeezed together at a constant rate to decrease the angle between them. As a result, the fringe at the right side changes between being bright to being dark every 15.0 s.
(a) At what rate is the spacing between the plates at the right end being changed?
(b) By how much has the spacing there changed when both left and right ends have a dark fringe and there are five dark fringes between them?
In Fig. 35-39, two isotropic point sources S1 and S2 emit light in phase at wavelength and at the same amplitude. The sources are separated by distance . They lie on an axis that is parallel to an x axis, which runs along a viewing screen at distance . The origin lies on the perpendicular bisector between the sources. The figure shows two rays reaching point P on the screen, at position. (a) At what value of do the rays have the minimum possible phase difference? (b) What multiple of gives that minimum phase difference? (c) At what value ofdo the rays have the maximum possible phase difference? What multiple of gives (d) that maximum phase difference and (e) the phase difference when ? (f) When , is the resulting intensity at point P maximum, minimum, intermediate but closer to maximum, or intermediate but closer to minimum?
Reflection by thin layers. In Fig. 35-42, light is incident perpendicularly on a thin layer of material 2 that lies between (thicker) materials 1 and 3. (The rays are tilted only for clarity.) The waves of rays and interfere, and here we consider the type of interference to be either maximum (max) or minimum (min). For this situation, each problem in Table 35- 2 refers to the indexes of refraction , , and , the type of interference, the thin-layer thickness in nanometres, and the wavelength λ in nanometres of the light as measured in air. Where is missing, give the wavelength that is in the visible range. Where is missing, give the second least thickness or the third least thickness as indicated.
A thin film of acetone coats a thick glass plateWhite light is incident normal to the film. In the reflections, fully destructive interference occurs at and fully constructive interference at. Calculate the thickness of the acetone film.
The figure shows the design of a Texas arcade game, Four laser pistols are pointed toward the center of an array of plastic layers where a clay armadillo is the target. The indexes of refraction of the layers are and . The layer thicknesses are either 2.00 mm or 4.00 mm, as drawn. What is the travel time through the layers for the laser burst from (a) pistol 1, (b) pistol 2, (c) pistol 3, and (d) pistol 4? (e) If the pistols are fired simultaneously, which laser burst hits the target first?
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