Question

In Fig. 6-49, a $\mathbf{49}\mathbf{}\mathbf{kg}$rock climber is climbing a “chimney.” The coefficient of static friction between her shoes and the rock is 1.2; between her back and the rock is$\mathbf{0}\mathbf{.}\mathbf{80}$. She has reduced her push against the rock until her back, and her shoes are on the verge of slipping.

(a) Draw a free-body diagram of her.

(b) What is the magnitude of her push against the rock?

(c) What fraction of her weight is supported by the frictional force on her shoes?

Short answer

a.

b. ${\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{N}}=240\text{\hspace{0.17em}N}$

c.$60\mathrm{\%}$of the weight

Step-by-step solution

Given data

• Mass of the person,$\mathrm{m}=49\text{\hspace{0.17em}kg}$ .
• Coefficient of friction between shoes and rock,${\mathrm{\mu }}_{\mathrm{s}1}=1.2$.
• Coefficient of friction between back and rock, ${\mathrm{\mu }}_{\mathrm{s}2}=0.8$.

To understand the concept

The problem deals with Newton’s second law of motion, which states that an object's acceleration depends on the net force acting upon the object and the mass of the object. First, draw the free body diagram of the person. Then, solve the given problem using Newton’s second and third laws.

a) Draw the free body diagram

The free-body diagram for the person (shown as an L-shaped block) is shown below.

The force she exerts on the rock slabs is not directly shown (since the diagram should only show forces exerted on her). Still, Newton's third law relates it) to the normal forces ${\overrightarrow{\mathrm{F}}}_{\mathrm{N}1}$and ${\overrightarrow{\mathrm{F}}}_{\mathrm{N}2}$exerted horizontally by the slabs onto her shoes and back, respectively.

(b) Calculate the magnitude of her push against the rock

We apply Newton's second law to the$\mathrm{x}$and$\mathrm{y}$axes (with$+x$rightward and$+y$upward, and there is no acceleration in either direction).

$\begin{array}{c}{\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{N}1}-{\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{N}2}=0\\ {\mathrm{f}}_1+{\mathrm{f}}_2-\mathrm{mg}=0\end{array}$

The first equation tells us that the normal forces are equal${\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{N}1}={\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{N}2}={\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{N}}$. Consequently, we know that, the friction force is given by,

$\begin{array}{l}{\mathrm{f}}_1={\mathrm{\mu }}_{\mathrm{s}1}{\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{N}}\\ {\mathrm{f}}_2={\mathrm{\mu }}_{\mathrm{s}2}{\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{N}}\end{array}$

We conclude that,

${\mathrm{f}}_1=\left(\frac{{\mathrm{\mu }}_{\mathrm{s}1}}{{\mathrm{\mu }}_{\mathrm{s}2}}\right){\mathrm{f}}_2$

Therefore,

$\begin{array}{c}{\mathrm{f}}_1+{\mathrm{f}}_2-\mathrm{mg}=0\\ \left(\frac{{\mathrm{\mu }}_{\mathrm{s}1}}{{\mathrm{\mu }}_{\mathrm{s}2}}+1\right){\mathrm{f}}_2=\mathrm{mg}\end{array}$

Substitute the values in the above expression, and we get,

$\begin{array}{c}\left(\frac{1.2}{0.8}+1\right){\mathrm{f}}_2=49\text{\hspace{0.17em}kg}\times 9.8{\text{\hspace{0.17em}m/s}}^2\\ {\mathrm{f}}_2=192\text{\hspace{0.17em}N}\end{array}$

From this, we can find the force normal force as:

$\begin{array}{c}{\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{N}}={\mathrm{f}}_2/{\mathrm{\mu }}_{\mathrm{s}2}\\ =\frac{192\text{\hspace{0.17em}N}}{0.80}\\ =240\text{\hspace{0.17em}N}\end{array}$

This is equal to the magnitude of the push exerted by the rock climber.

Thus, the magnitude of the force is 240 N.

(c) What fraction of her weight is supported by the frictional force on her shoes 

From the above calculation, we find force as:

$\begin{array}{c}{\mathrm{f}}_1={\mathrm{\mu }}_{\mathrm{s}1}{\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{N}}\\ =1.2\times 240\text{\hspace{0.17em}N}\\ =288\text{N}\end{array}$

The fraction can be calculated as:

$\begin{array}{c}\frac{{\mathrm{f}}_1}{\mathrm{W}}=\frac{288}{\left(49\right)\left(9.8\right)}\\ =0.60\end{array}$

or$60\mathrm{\%}$of her weight.

Thus, 60% or .60 is the fraction of her weight that is supported by frictional force on her shoes.