Chapter 40: Q2Q (page 1246)
An electron in an atom of gold is in a state with n = 4. Which of these values of are possible for it:-3, 0, 2, 3, 4, 5?
The possible values of l with are 0, 2 and 3.
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The beam from an argon laser (of wavelength 515 nm) has a diameter 3.00 mm of and a continuous energy output rate of 5.00 W. The beam is focused onto a diffuse surface by a lens whose focal length f is 3.50 cm . A diffraction pattern such as that of Fig. 36-10 is formed, the radius of the central disk being given by (see Eq. 36-12 and Fig. 36-14). The central disk can be shown to contain 84% of the incident power. (a) What is the radius of the central disk? (b) What is the average intensity (power per unit area) in the incident beam? (c) What is the average intensity in the central disk?
A tungsten (Z=74) target is bombarded by electrons in an x-ray tube. The K,L and M energy levels for tungsten (compare Fig. 40-15) have the energies 69.5 keV,11.3 keV, and 2.30 keV respectively. (a) What is the minimum value of the accelerating potential that will permit the production of the characteristic and lines of tungsten? (b) For this same accelerating potential, what is ? What are the (c) and (d) wavelengths?
Through what minimum potential difference must an electron in an x-ray tube be accelerated so that it can produce x-rays with a wavelength of 0.100 nm ?
A hydrogen atom in its ground state actually has two possible, closely spaced energy levels because the electron is in the magnetic field of the proton (the nucleus). Accordingly, energy is associated with the orientation of the electronโs magnetic moment relative to , and the electron is said to be either spin up (higher energy) or spin down (lower energy) in that field. If the electron is excited to the higher energy level, it can de-excite by spin-flipping and emitting a photon. The wavelength associated with that photon is 21 cm. (Such a process occurs extensively in the Milky Way galaxy, and reception of the 21 cm radiation by radio telescopes reveals where hydrogen gas lies between stars.) What is the effective magnitude of as experienced by the electron in the ground-state hydrogen atom?
When electrons bombard a molybdenum target, they produce both continuous and characteristic x-rays as shown in Fig. 40-13. In that figure the kinetic energy of the incident electrons is 35.0 keV. If the accelerating potential is increased to 50.0 keV, (a) what is the value of , and (b) do the wavelengths of the role="math" localid="1661497027757" and lines increase, decrease, or remain the same?
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