Chapter 28: Q11CQ (page 1028)
What happens to the relativistic Doppler effect when relative velocity is zero? Is this the expected result?
The observed velocity is equal to the emitted velocity when the relative velocity is zero.
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To whom does the elapsed time for a process seem to be longer, an observer moving relative to the process or an observer moving with the process? Which observer measures proper time?
The Sun produces energy at a rate of\(4.00{\rm{ }} \times {\rm{ }}{10^{26}}\,W\)by the fusion of hydrogen.
(a) How many kilograms of hydrogen undergo fusion each second?
(b) If the Sun is\(90.0{\rm{ }}\% \)hydrogen and half of this can undergo fusion before the Sun changes character, how long could it produce energy at its current rate?
(c) How many kilograms of mass is the Sun losing per second?
(d) What draction of its mass will it have lost in the time found in part (b)?
Explain the meaning of the terms “red shift” and “blue shift” as they relate to the relativistic Doppler effect.
All galaxies farther away than about\({\rm{50 \times 1}}{{\rm{0}}^{\rm{6}}}{\rm{ ly}}\)exhibit a red shift in their emitted light that is proportional to distance, with those farther and farther away having progressively greater red shifts. What does this imply, assuming that the only source of red shift is relative motion? (Hint: At these large distances, it is space itself that is expanding, but the effect on light is the same.)
What happens to the mass of water in a pot when it cools, assuming no molecules escape or are added? Is this observable in practice? Explain.
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