Question

To simulate the apparent weightlessness of space orbit, astronauts are trained in the hold of a cargo aircraft that is accelerating downward at g. Why will they appear to be weightless, as measured by standing on a bathroom scale, in this accelerated frame of reference? Is there any difference between their apparent weightlessness in orbit and in the aircraft?

Short answer

The astronauts appear weightless as the scale is also in the same frame of reference.

There is no difference between the apparent weightlessness of the astronauts in orbit versus that in the aircraft.

Step-by-step solution

Reason for astronauts appearing to be weightless

The astronauts appear weightless in the accelerated frame of reference, moving downward with the acceleration of the value of g (acceleration due to gravity). The scale is also in the same frame of reference, experiencing downward acceleration.

Difference between apparent weightlessness in orbit and in aircraft

There is no difference between the apparent weightlessness of the astronauts in orbit versus that in the aircraft.