Chapter 5: Q. 28 (page 313)
Ten percent of U.S. households contain or more people. You want to simulate choosing a household at random and recording “Yes” if it contains or more people. Which of these is a correct assignment of digits for this simulation?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e. None of these
The correct option is (b).
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Dogs and cats In one large city, of all households own a dog, own a cat, and own both. Suppose we randomly select a household. What’s the probability that the household owns a dog or a cat?
Foreign-language studyChoose a student in grades 9 to 12 at random and ask if he or she is studying a language other than English. Here is the distribution of results:
a. What’s the probability that the student is studying a language other than English?
b. What is the probability that a student is studying Spanish given that he or she is
studying some language other than English?
Crawl before you walk (At what age do babies learn to crawl? Does it take
longer to learn in the winter, when babies are often bundled in clothes that restrict their
movement? Perhaps there might even be an association between babies’ crawling age and
the average temperature during the month they first try to crawl (around months after
birth). Data were collected from parents who brought their babies to the University of
Denver Infant Study Center to participate in one of a number of studies. Parents reported
the birth month and the age at which their child was first able to creep or crawl a distance
of feet within one minute. Information was obtained on infants. Crawling age is given in weeks, and average temperature (in degrees Fahrenheit) is
given for the month that is months after the birth month.
a. Make an appropriate graph to display the relationship between average temperature and
average crawling age. Describe what you see.
Some computer output from a least-squares regression analysis of the data is shown.
b. What is the equation of the least-squares regression line that describes the relationship
between average temperature and average crawling age? Define any variables that you
use.
c. Interpret the slope of the regression line.
d. Can we conclude that warmer temperatures months after babies are born causes them
to crawl sooner? Justify your answer.
Butter side down Researchers at Manchester Metropolitan University in England
determined that if a piece of toast is dropped from a-foot-high table, the probability
that it lands butter side down is .
a. Explain what this probability means.
b. Suppose that the researchers dropped pieces of toast, and all of them landed butter
side down. Does that make it more likely that the next piece of toast will land with the
butter side up? Explain your answer.
What is the probability that the person owns a Chevy, given that the truck has four-wheel drive?
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