Chapter 5: Q. 24 (page 312)
If I toss a fair coin five times and the outcomes are , then the probability that tails appear on the next toss is
a. .
b. less than .
c. greater than .
d. .
e. .
The correct option is (a) i.e.
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Lucky penny? Harris Interactive reported that of U.S. adults believe that
finding and picking up a penny is good luck. Assuming that responses from different
individuals are independent, what is the probability of randomly selecting U.S. adults
and finding at least person who believes that finding and picking up a penny is good
luck?
Middle school values Researchers carried out a survey of fourth-, fifth-, and sixth-grade students in Michigan. Students were asked whether good grades, athletic ability, or being popular was most important to them. The two-way table summarizes the survey data. 
Suppose we select one of these students at random. What’s the probability of each of the following?
a. The student is a sixth-grader or rated good grades as important.
b. The student is not a sixth-grader and did not rate good grades as important.
Body image A random sample of U.S. college students was asked, “What is your perception of your own body? Do you feel that you are overweight, underweight, or about right?” The two-way table below summarizes the data on perceived body image by gender.
Suppose we randomly select one of the survey respondents.
a. Given that the person perceived his or her body image as about right, what’s the
probability that the person is female?
b. If the person selected is female, what’s the probability that she did not perceive her body image as overweight?
Mac or PC? A recent census at a major university revealed that 60% of its students mainly used Macs. The rest mainly used PCs. At the time of the census, of the school’s students were undergraduates. The rest were graduate students. In the census, of respondents were graduate students and used a Mac as their main computer. Suppose we select a student at random from among those who were part of the census and learn that the person mainly uses a Mac. Find the probability that the person is a graduate student.
Taking the train According to New Jersey Transit, the weekday train from Princeton to New York City has a chance of arriving on time. To test this claim, an auditor chooses weekdays at random during a month to ride this train. The train arrives late on of those days. Does the auditor have convincing evidence that the company's claim is false? Describe how you would carry out a simulation to estimate the probability that a train with a chance of arriving on time each day would be late on or more of days. Do not perform the simulation.
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