Question

More Olympics Athletes who participate in the shot put, discus throw, and hammer throw tend to have different physical characteristics than other track and field athletes. The scatterplot shown here enhances the scatterplot from Exercise $5$ by plotting these athletes with blue squares. How are the relationships between height and weight the same for the two groups of athletes? How are the relationships different?

Short answer

Similarities:

For both groups, there is a linear and positive relationship between height and weight, with no outliers.

Differences:

For discus throwers, hammers throwers, and shot putters, the link between height and weight is weaker. Weights for discus throwers, hammers throwers, and shot putters should be higher than for other athletes.

Step-by-step solution

Given information

In Blue: Athletes from shot put, discus throw, hammers throw

In Black: Other track and field athletes

Explanation

Similarities:

Note that

Because the pattern slopes upwards for both groups of athletes in the scatterplot, this demonstrates a positive relationship between height and weight for both groups.

And

There is no substantial curvature in either group's points, and both groups' associations appear to be linear.

Also,

Neither group appears to have outliers because there are no significant deviations from the pattern in the other points.

Differences:

Note that

Because the squares appear to be spread out more than the dots in the scatterplot, there appears to be a weaker association between height and weight for athletes like the hammer throw, discus throw and shot put.

Also,

The weight of athletes in the hammer throw, discus throw, and shot put appears to be higher than the weight of other athletes in the scatterplot because most of the squares are above the dots.