Chapter 1: Q 50. (page 48)
Pair-a-dice The dotplot shows the results of rolling a pair of fair, six-sided dice and Page Number: 48 finding the sum of the up-faces 100 times. Describe the shape of the distribution.
Roughly symmetric
Single peak
No gaps
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Multiple Choice Select the best answer.
Exercises 9 and 10 refer to the following setting. At the Census Bureau website www.census.gov, you can view detailed data collected by the American Community Survey.
The following table includes data for 10 people chosen at random from the more than 1 million people in households contacted by the survey. “School” gives the highest level of education completed.
The individuals in this data set are
(a) households.
(b) people.
(c) adults.
(d) 120 variables.
(e) columns
Enhancing creativity Do external rewards—things like money, praise, fame, and grades —promote creativity? Researcher Teresa Amabile recruited 47 experienced creative writers who were college students and divided them at random into two groups. The students in one group were given a list of statements about external reasons (E) for writing, such as public recognition, making money, or pleasing their parents. Students in the other group were given a list of statements about internal reasons (I) for writing, such as expressing yourself and enjoying wordplay. Both groups were then instructed to write a poem about laughter. Each student’s poem was rated separately by 12 different poets using a creativity scale. 26 These ratings were averaged to obtain an overall creativity score for each poem. Parallel dotplots of the two groups’ creativity scores are shown here.
Part (a). Is the variability in creativity scores similar or different for the two groups? Justify your answer.
Part (b). Do the data suggest that external rewards promote creativity? Justify your answer.
Fuel efficiency Refer to Exercise 48. Describe the distribution.
Protecting woodWhat measures can be taken, especially when restoring historic wooden buildings, to help wood surfaces resist weathering? In a study of this question, researchers prepared wooden panels and then exposed them to the weather. Some of the variables recorded were type of wood (yellow poplar, pine, cedar); type of water repellent (solvent based, water-based); paint thickness (millimeters); paint color (white, gray, light blue); weathering time (months). Classify each variable as categorical or quantitative.
Ranking colleges Popular magazines rank colleges and universities on their “academic quality” in serving undergraduate students. Describe two categorical variables and two quantitative variables that you might record for each institution.
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