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Chapter 4: Q. R4.10 (page 289)

Students sign up to be subjects in a psychology experiment. When they arrive, they are told that interviews are running late and are taken to a waiting room. The experimenters then stage the theft of a valuable object left in the waiting room. Some subjects are alone with the thief, and others are present in pairs—these are the treatments being compared. Will the subject report the theft?

a. The students had agreed to take part in an unspecified study, and the true nature of the experiment is explained to them afterward. Does this meet the requirement of informed consent? Explain your answer.

b. What two other ethical principles should be followed in this study?

Short Answer

Expert verified

a. No, this does not meet the requirement of informed consent because informed consent means that subjects are informed before the experiment and in this experiment they are informed afterwards.

b. Confidentiality and a review board are the two other ethical principles should be followed in this study.

Step by step solution

01

Part a. Step 1. Explanation

No, this does not meet the requirement of informed consent because informed consent means that subjects are informed before the experiment and in this experiment they are informed afterwards.

02

Part b. Step 1. Explanation

Confidentially is needed for each individual.

A review board should review the experiment before it will be implemented.

Thus, confidentiality and a review board are the two other ethical principles should be followed in this study.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Precise offers People often use round prices as first offers in a negotiation. But would a more precise number suggest that the offer was more reasoned and informed? In an experiment, 238adults played the role of a person selling a used car. Each adult received one of three initial offers: \(2000, \)1865(a precise under-offer), and \(2135(a precise over-offer). After hearing the initial offer, each subject made a counter-offer. The difference in the initial offer and counter-offer was the largest in the group that received the \)2000 offer. Describe how the researchers could have randomly assigned the subjects to the treatments

a. using slips of paper.

b. using technology.

c. using Table D.

Meditation for anxiety An experiment that claimed to show that meditation lowers anxiety proceeded as follows. The experimenter interviewed the subjects and rated their level of anxiety. Then the subjects were randomly assigned to two groups. The experimenter taught one group how to meditate and they meditated daily for a month. The other group was simply told to relax more. At the end of the month, the experimenter interviewed all the subjects again and rated their anxiety level. The meditation group now had less anxiety. Psychologists said that the results were suspect because the ratings were not blind. Explain what this means and how lack of blindness could affect the reported results.

Improving response rate -How can we reduce the rate of refusals in telephone surveys? Most people who answer at all listen to the interviewer’s introductory remarks and then decide whether to continue. One study made telephone calls to randomly selected households to ask opinions about the next election. In some calls, the interviewer gave her name; in others, she identified the university she was representing; and in still others, she identified both herself and the university. For each type of call, the interviewer either did or did not offer to send a copy of the final survey results to the person interviewed.

a. List the factors in this experiment and state how many levels each factor has.

b. If the researchers used every possible combination to form the treatments, how many treatments were included in the experiment?

c. List two of the treatments.

Seat belt use A study in El Paso, Texas, looked at seat belt use by drivers. Drivers were

observed at randomly chosen convenience stores. After they left their cars, they were

invited to answer questions that included questions about seat belt use. In all, 75% said

they always used seat belts, yet only 61.5% were wearing seat belts when they pulled into

the store parking lots. Explain why the two percentages are so different.

Foster care versus orphanages Do abandoned children placed in foster homes do better than similar children placed in an institution? The Bucharest Early Intervention Project found statistically significant evidence that they do. The subjects were 136young children abandoned at birth and living in orphanages in Bucharest, Romania. Half of the children, chosen at random, were placed in foster homes. The other half remained in the orphanages. (Foster care was not easily available in Romania at the time and so was paid for by the study.) What conclusion can we draw from this study? Explain your reasoning.

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