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Funding for fine arts The band director at a high school wants to estimate the percentage

of parents who support a decrease in the budget for fine arts. Because many parents attend

the school’s annual musical, the director surveys the first 30parents who arrive at the

show. Explain how bias in the sampling method could affect the estimate.

Short Answer

Expert verified

We will (in this situation) constantly underestimate the true unemployment rate because the entire population is involved. As a result, the sample should contain fewer unemployed people than the whole population.

Step by step solution

01

Given information

We have to find the bias in the sampling method could affect the estimate.

02

Explanation

A convenience sample is frequently since persons who never go to the mall have no opportunity of being included in the sample and may have substantially different characteristics than those who do. An unemployed person, for example, will be less inclined to visit a mall because he or she will have no income and will therefore strive to minimise his or her expenditures. As a result, we would expect the sample to have fewer unemployed people than the overall population, implying that we will (in this case) constantly underestimate the true unemployment rate.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Can texting make you healthier? Researchers randomly assigned 700Australian adults

to either receive usual health care or usual heath care plus automated text messages with

positive messages, such as “Walking is cheap. It can be done almost anywhere. All you

need is comfortable shoes and clothing.” The group that received the text messages

showed a statistically significant increase in physical activity“statistically significant” in this context?

a. The results of this study are very important.

b. The results of this study should be generalized to all people.

c. The difference in physical activity for the two groups is greater than 0.

d. The difference in physical activity for the two groups is very large.

e. The difference in physical activity for the two groups is larger than the difference

that could be expected to happen by chance alone.

One of the better studies of the effect of regular attendance

at religious services gathered data from a random sample of 3617 adults. The researchers then measured lots of variables, not just the explanatory variable (religious activities) and the response variable (length of life). A news article said: “Churchgoers were more likely to be nonsmokers, physically active, and at their right weight. But even after health behaviors were taken into account, those not attending religious services regularly still were significantly more likely to have died.” What conclusion can we draw from this study? Explain your reasoning.

A study of treatments for angina (pain due to low blood supply to the heart) compared

bypass surgery, angioplasty, and use of drugs. The study looked at the medical records

of thousands of angina patients whose doctors had chosen one of these treatments. It

found that the average survival time of patients given drugs was the highest. What do

you conclude?

a. This study proves that drugs prolong life and should be the treatment of choice.

b. We can conclude that drugs prolong life because the study was a comparative

experiment.

c. We can’t conclude that drugs prolong life because the patients were volunteers.

d. We can’t conclude that drugs prolong life because the groups might differ in ways

besides the treatment.

e. We can’t conclude that drugs prolong life because no placebo was used.

A report in a medical journal notes that the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease among subjects who regularly opted to take the drug ibuprofen was about half the risk of those who did not. Is this good evidence that ibuprofen is effective in preventing Alzheimer’s disease?

a. Yes, because the study was a randomized, comparative experiment.

b. No, because the effect of ibuprofen is confounded with the placebo effect.

c. Yes, because the results were published in a reputable professional journal.

d. No, because this is an observational study. An experiment would be needed to confirm

(or not confirm) the observed effect.

e. Yes, because a 50%reduction can’t happen just by chance.

Two essential features of all statistically designed experiments are

a. comparing several treatments; using the double-blind method.

b. comparing several treatments; using chance to assign subjects to treatments.

c. always having a placebo group; using the double-blind method.

d. using a block design; using chance to assign subjects to treatments.

e. using enough subjects; always having a control group.

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